51 Rahatalouden peruskäsitteet,
rahan kysyntä ja tarjonta
52 Suhteellisen edun periaate ja ostovoimapariteetti
53 Suomi, EMU ja maailmantalous
Kokeile PerMakG tietokoneohjelmaa
Subject: EMUSTA
Date: Tue, 03 Feb 1998 11:43:31 +0200
From: Ojanen Esa <esa.ojanen@bof.fi>
To: "'Korpela Asko'" <Asko.Korpela@kolumbus.fi>
Asko
Tässä lupaamiani osoitteita, joista pääsee EMU-tietoon kiinni:
1) Suomen Pankki: http://www.bof.fi/env/emu/
2) Valtioneuvosto: http://vn.fi/vm/suomi/emuproj/
3) BIS:in kokoomasivu, josta pääsee useiden keskuspankkien sivuille:
http://www.bis.org/cbanks.htm
Materiaalia löytyy runsaasti ja se on tasokastakin. Pari prujua lähetin postissa. Niistä Markasta euroon löytyy myös kotisivuiltamme. SP:n sivuilta pääsee mm. Komission eurosivuille. Tietoa on niin, että kyllä sen selaamisessa muutama yönpuhde saattaa vierähtää.
Terveisin
Esa
30 Money 737
Money Makes the World Go Around 738
What Is Money? 739 Medium of Exchange 739 Unit of Account 739 Store of Value 740 Commodity Money 740 Convertible Paper Money 740 Fiat Money 741 Deposit Money 741 Money in the United States Today 742
Financial Intermediaries 744 Commercial Banks 745 Savings and Loan Associations 745 Savings Banks and Credit Unions 746 Money Market Mutual Funds 746 The Economic Functions of Financial Intermediaries 746
Financial Regulation, Deregulation, and Innovation 747 Financial Regulation 747 Deregulation in the 1980s 748 Financial Innovation 748 Deregulation, Innovation, and Money 749
How Banks Create Money 749 Reserves: Actual and Required 749 Creating Deposits by Making Loans in a One-Bank Economy 750 The Deposit Multiplier 751 Creating Deposits bY Makng Loans with Many Banks 751
Money,Real GDP, and the Price Level 753 The Short-Run Effects of a Change in the Quantity of Money 753 The Long-Run Effects of a Change in the Quantity of Money 754 The Quantity Theory of Money 755 The Quantity Theory and the AS-AD Model 756 Historical Evidence on the Quantity Theory of Money 757 International Evidence on the Quantity Theory of Money 757 Correlation, Causation, and other influences 757
READING BETWEEN THE LINES Unstable Money 760
ECONOMICS IN HISTORY Money and Inflation 762
31 The Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy 767
Temple of Secrets 768
The Federal Reserve System 769 The Origins of the Federal Reserve System 769 The Structure of the Federal Reserve SYstem 769 The Fed's Power Center 770 The Fed's Policy Tools 771 The Fed's Balance Sheet 772
Controlling the Money Supply 773 How Required Reserve Ratios Work 773 HowtheDiscountRateWorks 773 How an Open Market Operation Works 773 Monetary Base and Bank Reserves 777 The Multiplier Effect of an Open Market Operation 777
The Demand for Money 780 The Influences on Money Holding 780 The Demand for Money Curve 781 Shifts in the Demand Curve for Real Money 781 The Demand for Money in the United States 782
Interest Rate Determination 783 Money Market Equilibrium 783 Changing the Interest Rate 784
Monetary Policy 785 The Fed in Action 785 Profiting by Predicting the Fed 788 The Ripple Effects of Monetary Policy 788 Interest Rates and the Business Cycle 78 8
READING BETWEEN THE LINES
The Fed in Action 790
part 7 The Global Economy
Talking with Jacob A. Frenkel 881
35 Trading with the World 885
Silk Routes and Sucking Sounds 886
Patterns and Trends in International Trade 887 U.S. International Trade 887 Geographical Patterns 888 Trends in Trade 889 BalanceofTradeandlnternationalBorrowing 889
Opportunity Cost and Comparative Advantage 890 opportunity Cost in Farmland 890 opportunity Cost in Mobilia 891 Comparative Advantage 891
Gains from Trade 892 Reaping the Gains from Trade 892 Balanced Trade 893 Changes in Production and Consumption 893 Calculating the Gains from Trade 895 Gains for All 895 Absolute Advantage 895
Gains from Trade in Reality 896 Comparative Advantage in the Global Economy 896 Trade in Similar Goods 896
Trade Restrictions 898 The History of Tariffs 898 How Tariffs Work 899 Nontariff Barriers 901 How Quotas and VERs Work 902 "Invisible" Nontariff Barriers 903
The Case Against Protection 903 National Security 903 New Industries 904 Restraining Monopoly 904 Saves Jobs 905 Allows Us to Compete with Cheap Foreign Labor 905 Brings Diversity and Stability 906 Penalizes Lax Environmental Standards 906 Prevents Rich Countries from Exploiting Developing Countries 906 Why Is Trade Restricted? 906 Compensating Losers 907
READING BETWEEN THE LINES Free Trade in Action 908
ECONOMICS IN HISTORY Understanding the Gains from International Trade 914
36 The Balance of Payments and the Dollar 916
A Climbing Debt and a Tumbling Dollar 917
Financing International Trade 918 Balance of Payments Accounts 918 Borrowers and Lenders, Debtors and Creditors 920 Current Account Balance 921 The Ricardian Case 923 The Twin Deficits Case 923 Is U.S. Borrowing for Consumption or Investment? 924
Foreign Exchange and the Dollar 924 Foreign Exchange Systems 926 Recent Exchange Rate History 926
Exchange Rate Determination 928 The Quantity of U.S. Dollars 929 The Demand for Dollars 929 Changes in the Demand for Dollars 930 The Supply of Dollars 931 Changes in the Supply of Dollars 932 The Market for Dollars 932
READING BETWEEN THE LINES Foreign Exchange Markets in Action 936
AJK kotisivu o AJK opetus o Makrotaloustieteen perusteet
Asko Korpela 980203 (980203) o Asko.Korpela@kolumbus.fi (palaute) [ccc]