ajk,Aristoteles,Categories,11403,12098,0,phi,eng,# The Ultimate Anthology of Philosophy (75+ Works with an active table of contents) (Greatest Hits Series) ajk,Aristoteles,Categories,11403,12098,0,phi,eng,# (7L=%, 18L=p => 39 pages) ajk,Balashov,Practical philosophy,2,10703,498,phi,rus,3# Practical philosophy or sophology (Lev Balashov and Asko Korpela) ajk,Balashov,Practical philosophy,2,10703,498,phi,rus,3# (107L=%, 21L=p, 498 pages) ajk,Balashov,Prakt-2-rus,2,18581,530,fil,rus,3# Prakt-2-rus (askokorpela@gmail.com) ajk,Balashov,Prakt-2-rus,2,18581,530,fil,rus,3# (186L=%, 35L=p, 530 pages) ajk,Balashov,PraktFil-fin-pdf,1,475,475,phi,fin,3# Microsoft Word - PraktWord-ajk (Asko) ajk,Balashov,PraktFil-fin-pdf,1,475,475,phi,fin,3# (5L=%, 1L=p, 475 pages) ajk,Balashov,PraktFilo-eng,2,12501,0,fil,eng,3# PraktFilo-eng (askokorpela@gmail.com) ajk,Balashov,PraktFilo-eng,2,12501,0,fil,eng,3# (125L=%, 18L=p => 694 pages) ajk,Balmes,Filosofia fundamental-1,2,3622,235,phi,esp,3# Filosofía Fundamental, Tomo I (Spanish Edition) (Jaime Luciano Balmes) 20120327: 58L 2% 4p Highlight| CAPÍTULO II. VERDADERO ESTADO DE LA CUESTION. 20120327: 2L 0% 0p Highlight|PRÓLOGO. 20120327: 10L 0% 1p Highlight| CAPÍTULO I. IMPORTANCIA Y UTILIDAD DE LAS CUESTIONES SOBRE LA CERTEZA 20120327: 156L 4% 10p Highlight| CAPÍTULO III. DOS CERTEZAS: LA DEL GÉNERO HUMANO Y LA FILOSOFÍA. 20120327: 284L 8% 18p Highlight| CAPÍTULO IV. SI EXISTE LA CIENCIA TRASCENDENTAL EN EL ÓRDEN INTELECTUAL ABSOLUTO. 20120327: 395L 11% 26p Highlight| CAPÍTULO V. NO EXISTE LA CIENCIA TRASCENDENTAL EN EL ORDEN INTELECTUAL HUMANO NO PUEDE DIMANAR DE LOS SENTIDOS. 20120327: 460L 13% 30p Highlight| CAPÍTULO VI. CONTINÚA LA DISCUSION SOBRE LA CIENCIA TRASCENDENTAL. INSUFICIENCIA DE LAS VERDADES REALES. 20120327: 511L 14% 33p Highlight| CAPÍTULO VII. ESTERILIDAD DE LA FILOSOFÍA DEL yo PARA PRODUCIR LA CIENCIA TRASCENDENTAL. 20120327: 714L 20% 46p Highlight|CAPÍTULO VIII. LA IDENTIDAD UNIVERSAL. 20120327: 813L 23% 53p Highlight| CAPÍTULO IX. CONTINÚA EL EXÁMEN DEL SISTEMA DE LA IDENTIDAD UNIVERSAL. 20120327: 850L 23% 55p Highlight| CAPÍTULO X. EL PROBLEMA DE LA REPRESENTACION. MÓNADAS DE LEIBNITZ. 20120327: 905L 25% 59p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XI. EXÁMEN DEL PROBLEMA DE LA REPRESENTACION. 20120327: 963L 26% 62p Highlight|CAPÍTULO XII. INTELIGIBILIDAD INMEDIATA. 20120327: 1048L 29% 68p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XIII. REPRESENTACION DE CAUSALIDAD Y DE IDEALIDAD. 20120327: 1126L 31% 73p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XIV. IMPOSIBILIDAD DE HALLAR EL PRIMER PRINCIPIO EN EL ÓRDEN IDEAL. 20120327: 1166L 32% 76p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XV. LA CONDICION INDISPENSABLE DE TODO CONOCIMIENTO HUMANO. MEDIOS DE PERCEPCION DE LA VERDAD. 20120327: 1299L 36% 84p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XVI. CONFUSION DE IDEAS EN LAS DISPUTAS SOBRE EL PRINCIPIO FUNDAMENTAL. 20120327: 1340L 37% 87p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XVII. LA EXISTENCIA Y EL PENSAMIENTO. PRINCIPIO DE DESCARTES. 20120327: 1409L 39% 91p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XVIII. MAS SOBRE EL PRINCIPIO DE DESCARTES. SU MÉTODO. 20120327: 1509L 42% 98p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XIX. LO QUE VALE EL PRINCIPIO: YO PIENSO. SU ANÁLISIS. 20120327: 1610L 44% 104p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XX. VERDADERO SENTIDO DEL PRINCIPIO DE CONTRADICCION. OPINION DE KANT. 20120327: 1788L 49% 116p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XXI. SI EL PRINCIPIO DE CONTRADICCION MERECE EL TÍTULO DE FUNDAMENTAL; Y EN QUÉ SENTIDO. 20120327: 1863L 51% 121p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XXII. EL PRINCIPIO DE LA EVIDENCIA. 20120327: 1926L 53% 125p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XXIII. CRITERIO DE LA CONCIENCIA. 20120327: 2008L 55% 130p Highlight|CAPÍTULO XXIV. CRITERIO DE LA EVIDENCIA. 20120327: 2078L 57% 135p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XXV. VALOR OBJETIVO DE LAS IDEAS. 20120327: 2189L 60% 142p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XXVI. SI TODOS LOS CONOCIMIENTOS SE REDUCEN Á LA PERCEPCION DE LA IDENTIDAD. 20120327: 2255L 62% 146p Highlight|CAPÍTULO XXVII. CONTINUACION. 20120327: 2341L 65% 152p Highlight|CAPÍTULO XXVIII. CONTINUACION. 20120327: 2403L 66% 156p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XXIX. SI HAY VERDADEROS JUICIOS SINTÉTICOS à priori, EN EL SENTIDO DE KANT. 20120327: 2556L 71% 166p Highlight|CAPÍTULO XXX. CRITERIO DE VICO. 20120327: 2718L 75% 176p Highlight|CAPÍTULO XXXI. CONTINUACION. 20120327: 2811L 77% 182p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XXXII. CRITERIO DEL SENTIDO COMUN. 20120327: 2949L 81% 191p Highlight| APÍTULO XXXIII. ERROR DE LA-MENNAIS SOBRE EL CONSENTIMIENTO COMUN. 20120327: 3021L 83% 196p Highlight|CAPÍTULO XXXIV. RESÚMEN Y CONCLUSION. 20120327: 3162L 87% 205p Highlight|NOTAS (SOBRE EL CAPÍTULO I.) 20120327: 3515L 97% 228p Highlight|ÍNDICE DE LAS MATERIAS DEL TOMO PRIMERO. 20120403: 1198L 33% 78p Highlight|talegas 20120403: 1374L 38% 89p Highlight|entimema 20120405: 2364L 65% 153p Highlight|entimema 20120406: 3074L 85% 199p Highlight| Cuando Dios ha unido nuestra alma con un cuerpo, ha sido para que sirviese el uno al otro; por lo cual ha establecido esa admirable correspondencia entre las impresiones del cuerpo, y las afecciones del alma. 20120406: 3078L 85% 200p Highlight| Si admitimos las sensaciones y prescindimos de la razon, el hombre se nos convierte en un bruto. Siente, mas no piensa; 20120406: 3086L 85% 200p Highlight| Cuando despertamos de un sueño muy vivo, estamos á veces por algunos momentos dudando de si hay sueño ó realidad; esta sola duda ya supone la reflexion comparativa de los dos estados. ¿Y qué hacemos para resolver la duda? Atendemos al lugar donde nos hallamos; y el hecho de estar en la cama, en la oscuridad y silencio de la noche, nos indica que la vision anterior no tiene ningun enlace con nuestra situacion, y que por tanto es un sueño. 20120406: 3090L 85% 200p Highlight| El instinto concedido á los brutos y negado al hombre, es un indicio de que para apreciar las sensaciones se nos ha dado la razon. 20120406: 3091L 86% 201p Highlight| No hay pues en el hombre criterios de verdad enteramente aislados. Todos están en relacion; se afirman y completan recíprocamente; siendo de notar que las verdades de que están ciertos todos los hombres, están apoyadas de algun modo por todos los criterios. 20120406: 3093L 86% 201p Highlight| Las sensaciones nos llevan instintivamente á creer en la existencia de un mundo exterior; y si dicha creencia se sujeta al exámen de la razon, esta confirma la misma verdad, fundándose en las ideas generales de causas y de efectos. 20120406: 3096L 86% 201p Highlight| «En un círculo todos los radios son iguales.» Esta es una verdad necesaria; los sentidos no ven ningun círculo perfecto; 20120406: 3098L 86% 201p Highlight| «No hay mudanza, sin causa que la produzca.» 20120406: 3101L 86% 201p Highlight| oir el ruido del viento; pero nuestro oido nos ha engañado otras veces; para asegurarnos de la verdad miramos si hay movimiento en los árboles ó en otros objetos. La vista nos muestra un bulto; no hay bastante luz para discernirle de una sombra: nos acercamos y tocamos. 20120406: 3111L 86% 202p Highlight| La verdad completa, como el bien perfecto, no existen sin la armonía: esta es una ley necesaria, y á ella está sujeto el hombre. 20120406: 3115L 86% 202p Highlight| [339.] Con estas doctrinas, creo posible la filosofía sin escepticismo: el exámen no desaparece, por el contrario se extiende y se completa. 20120406: 3117L 86% 202p Highlight| La filosofía no puede generalizarse hasta el punto de ser una cosa popular; á este se opone la humana naturaleza; pero tampoco tiene necesidad de condenarse á un aislamiento misantrópico, á fuerza de pretensiones extravagantes. En tal caso la filosofía degenera en filosofismo. ajk,Balmes,Filosofia fundamental-1,2,3622,235,phi,esp,3# (36L=%, 15L=p, 235 pages) ajk,Balmes,Filosofia fundamental-2,2,3470,220,phi,esp,3# Filosofía Fundamental, Tomo II (Spanish Edition) (Jaime Luciano Balmes) 20120408: 78L 2% 5p Highlight|CAPÍTULO II. LA MATERIA NO PUEDE SENTIR. 20120408: 179L 5% 11p Highlight|CAPÍTULO III. El Sueño y la Vigilia. 20120408: 228L 6% 14p Highlight| CAPÍTULO IV. RELACION DE LAS SENSACIONES CON UN MUNDO EXTERNO. 20120408: 313L 9% 20p Highlight|CAPÍTULO V. UNA HIPÓTESIS IDEALISTA. 20120408: 350L 10% 22p Highlight| CAPÍTULO VI. SI LA CAUSA EXTERNA É INMEDIATA DE LAS SENSACIONES ES UNA CAUSA LIBRE. 20120408: 386L 11% 24p Highlight| CAPÍTULO VII. ANÁLISIS DE LA OBJETIVIDAD DE LAS SENSACIONES. 20120408: 437L 13% 28p Highlight| CAPÍTULO VIII. Sensacion de la Extension. 20120408: 489L 14% 31p Highlight| CAPÍTULO IX. OBJETIVIDAD DE LA SENSACION DE EXTENSION. 20120408: 576L 16% 36p Highlight| CAPÍTULO X. VALOR DEL TACTO PARA OBJETIVAR LAS SENSACIONES. 20120408: 618L 18% 39p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XI. INFERIORIDAD DEL TACTO COMPARADO CON OTROS SENTIDOS. 20120408: 99L 3% 6p Highlight| [13.] Tomemos un compuesto de dos partes, 20120408: 112L 3% 7p Highlight|[14.] Estas partes A y B, 20120408: 120L 3% 7p Highlight| [15.] Surge aquí una dificultad gravísima. 20120408: 136L 4% 9p Highlight| [17.] ¿Cuál será entonces el destino de esas almas ó de esas fuerzas vitales, en destruyéndose la organizacion que ellas vivifican? 20120408: 148L 4% 9p Highlight| [18.] Suele decirse que nada se aniquila; 20120408: 161L 5% 10p Highlight| [19.] Pero supongamos que no se quiera acudir al aniquilamiento; 20120408: 180L 5% 11p Highlight| [20.] El hecho de la sensacion está enlazado con otros, 20120409: 689L 20% 44p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XII. SI LA SOLA VISTA PODRIA DARNOS IDEA DE UNA SUPERFICIE. 20120409: 789L 23% 50p Highlight|CAPÍTULO XIII. EL CIEGO DE CHESELDEN. 20120410: 855L 25% 54p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XIV. SE EXAMINA SI LA VISTA PUEDE DARNOS IDEA DEL VOLÚMEN. 20120412: 1470L 42% 93p Highlight| En el instante A, la extension de la pluma se encuentra ocupando la parte A' del espacio; en el momento B, la misma extension de la pluma se halla ocupando la parte B' del espacio distinta de la parte A'; luego ni la parte A' del espacio, ni la parte B', se identifican con la extension del cuerpo. 20120412: 1476L 43% 94p Highlight| ¿La extension de un cuerpo es el mismo cuerpo? Yo no concibo cuerpo sin extension: pero esto no prueba que la extension sea el mismo cuerpo. 20120412: 1529L 44% 97p Highlight| ¿Qué es pues el espacio? ¿Es algo en la realidad? ¿Es solo una idea? Si es una idea, ¿le corresponde un objeto en el mundo externo? ¿Es una pura ilusion? La palabra espacio, ¿está vacía de sentido? 20120412: 1540L 45% 98p Highlight| Luego el espacio se nos presenta como indefinido. 20120412: 1547L 45% 98p Highlight| Decir que la nada puede tener propiedades, es destruir todas las ideas, es afirmar la posibilidad del ser y no ser á un mismo tiempo, y subvertir por consiguiente el fundamentos de los conocimientos humanos. 20120412: 1595L 46% 101p Highlight| Segun Descartes la esencia del cuerpo consiste en la extension; y como en el espacio concebimos por necesidad extension, se sigue que cuerpo, extension y espacio, son tres cosas esencialmente idénticas. 20120412: 1607L 46% 102p Highlight| La distancia es una propiedad de la extension que no puede existir sin la extension» (Princ. de la Filos. p. 2. § 18). 20120412: 1628L 47% 103p Highlight| Leibnitz opina que el espacio es «una relacion, un órden, no solo entre las cosas existentes, sino tambien entre las posibles, como si ellas existiesen» (Nuevos Ensayos sobre el entendimiento humano, Lib. 2, cap. 13, § 17). 20120412: 1642L 47% 104p Highlight| Como quiera, es bien notable que tres filósofos tan insignes como Aristóteles, Descartes y Leibnitz, hayan estado de acuerdo en negar la existencia de esa capacidad que se llama espacio, considerada como un ser distinto de los cuerpos, y con posibilidad de existir sin ellos. La diversidad de sus opiniones solo prueba que en el fondo de la cuestion hay una dificultad algo mas grave de lo que parecen creer algunos ideólogos, que con tanta facilidad explican la idea del espacio y su generacion, como si se tratase de cosas muy 20120412: 1650L 48% 105p Highlight| ¿El espacio será algo distinto de la extension misma de los cuerpos? A la opinion que esto sostiene suele objetársele que el espacio ha de ser ó cuerpo ó espíritu; que si no es cuerpo será espíritu, 20120412: 1657L 48% 105p Highlight| Convengo en que no hay medio entre lo simple y lo compuesto; 20120412: 1658L 48% 105p Highlight| «Todo cuerpo es compuesto» no es idéntica á esta otra: «Todo compuesto es cuerpo.» Luego puede haber compuestos que no sean cuerpos. La composicion, el tener partes, es una propiedad del cuerpo; mas esto no constituye su esencia, ó al menos nosotros lo ignoramos. 20120412: 1666L 48% 106p Highlight| «Todo espíritu es simple» no es lo mismo que «todo simple es espíritu.» La simplicidad es necesaria al espíritu, mas no constituye su esencia. 20120412: 1677L 48% 106p Highlight| han dicho que el espacio era la misma inmensidad de Dios. 20120412: 1680L 48% 106p Highlight| El espacio es algo. Antes que Dios criase el mundo, el espacio existia. No es posible concebir que los cuerpos existan, sin espacio en que se extiendan. Antes de que existan, concebimos esa capacidad en que pueden colocarse: luego el espacio es eterno. 20120412: 1682L 49% 107p Highlight| No hay movimiento sin espacio; y en el primer instante de ser criados los cuerpos, se pudieron mover y se movieron. Aunque no supongamos mas que un solo cuerpo en el mundo, podria moverse, y este movimiento podria prolongarse hasta lo infinito. 20120412: 1684L 49% 107p Highlight|Luego el espacio es infinito. 20120412: 1686L 49% 107p Highlight| Luego el espacio es indestructible. Un ser eterno, infinito, indestructible, no puede ser criado; luego el espacio es increado. Luego es Dios mismo. Luego ha de ser Dios en cuanto nosotros lo concebimos con relacion á la extension: luego el espacio es la inmensidad de Dios. 20120412: 1689L 49% 107p Highlight| Adoptada esta teoría no hay inconveniente en hacer el espacio infinito, eterno, indestructible. 20120412: 1769L 51% 112p Highlight| en alas de su religion y de su genio, y continúa: «Dios no está en ningun lugar, ni en ningun tiempo; porque su ser absoluto é infinito no tiene ninguna relacion á los lugares y á los tiempos, que no son mas que límites y restricciones del ser. 20120412: 1773L 51% 112p Highlight| la inmensidad excluye toda medida de extension; no ha sido, no será, es; no está aquí, no está allá, no está mas allá de ningun límite: es absolutamente, todas las expresiones que le refieren á algun término, que le fijan en algun lugar, son impropias é indecentes. ¿Dónde está pues? 20120412: 1776L 51% 113p Highlight| Dios no es precisamente una cosa singular y restringida, es todo, es el ser, ó para decirlo mejor, diciéndolo mas sencillamente: él es; cuantas menos palabras se dicen de él, mas cosas se expresan: es; guardaos de añadir nada.» 20120413: 2325L 67% 147p Highlight| pues que viendo él todo lo que hay, si no la ve, no la hay. Estamos pues en el idealismo de Berkeley: un mundo externo sin extension, no es el mundo tal como lo reputa el sentido comun: es el mundo de los idealistas. 20120413: 2624L 75% 166p Highlight| Busca Santo Tomás (1. P. cuest. 8. art. 1.) si Dios está en todas las cosas, y responde que sí: mas para probar su aserto, no echa mano de la necesidad de que todo esté situado, antes por el contrario, se olvida de la idea de espacio, y apela á la de causalidad. 20120413: 2635L 76% 167p Highlight| «Las cosas incorpóreas no están en el lugar por el contacto de cantidad dimensiva, sino por el contacto de la actividad, virtutis.» 20120414: 2708L 78% 172p Highlight| Así todas las ciencias naturales, que como hemos visto ya, se reducen á cálculo de extension y movimiento, no penetran en la esencia de las cosas, y se limitan á un aspecto, cual es el presentado á nuestra experiencia. Por manera que, en dichas ciencias no hay nada absoluto en todo el rigor de la palabra; y en esta parte se hallan á mucha distancia de la metafísica, la cual, ó no conoce nada, ó conoce cosas absolutamente necesarias. 20120414: 2714L 78% 172p Highlight| Las ciencias naturales tienen dos partes: una física y otra geométrica: la primera, supone los datos suministrados por la experiencia; la segunda forma sus cálculos con arreglo á los mismos datos. 20120414: 2716L 78% 172p Highlight| una experiencia nueva de la que resultará una ciencia física nueva: el cálculo será el mismo, solo que á nuevos datos corresponderán nuevos resultados. Hé aquí desvanecida la dificultad. 20120414: 2717L 78% 172p Highlight| Todas las ciencias físicas estriban en la observacion; todas sus combinaciones se ejecutan sobre los datos suministrados por la observacion; luego todas las ciencias físicas envuelven una parte condicional, no son enteramente absolutas. 20120414: 2723L 79% 173p Highlight| Surge aquí otra dificultad, que en apariencia es mas grave que la anterior: si las relaciones de los cuerpos no son esenciales y están sujetas á variacion; si lo que sobre ellos calculamos, no está fundado en datos de necesidad intrínseca; 20120414: 2745L 79% 174p Highlight| La geometría en sí misma, ó sea en el órden puramente ideal, se funda en el principio de contradiccion: siendo este verdadero por absoluta necesidad, lo es tambien aquella. 20120414: 2759L 80% 175p Highlight| Producir la impresion, es simplemente causar; y la causalidad no repugna á los seres simples. De aquí es que no hay ningun inconveniente en que un espíritu nos produzca de esta manera una de las impresiones sensibles: de lo contrario seria menester decir que Dios no puede ejercer su accion sobre nuestra alma, causando en ella la sensacion sin el intermedio de los cuerpos. Esta causalidad, no podria llamarse sensibilidad pasiva: el ser que la tuviese, no seria propiamente sentido. La relacion de la sensacion, al ser que la produjese, seria únicamente la del efecto á su causa. 20120414: 2767L 80% 175p Highlight| Nuestra intuicion sensible, á la cual, por instinto y por razon, le damos un objeto real, se refiere á este objeto, como esencialmente compuesto, y en este órden que llamamos continuidad: si pues convertimos á este objeto en simple, destruimos el objeto como sensible: 20120414: 2776L 80% 176p Highlight| Esto en cuanto á lo subjetivo; por lo que toca á lo objetivo, conviene notar, que las representaciones sensibles no las tenemos siempre de objetos reales, pero se refieren siempre á objetos cuando menos posibles, es decir que la intuicion, no está enteramente vacía, sino que á falta del órden de la realidad, necesita el de la posibilidad. 20120414: 2784L 80% 176p Highlight| tenemos algunos indicios en la experiencia misma, la cual á cada paso nos enseña que los cuerpos sensibles dejan de serlo, y los insensibles se nos hacen sensibles, con solo mediar una pequeña alteracion. 20120414: 2792L 80% 177p Highlight| A medida que se va dilatando el campo de la experiencia, se descubren nuevos fenómenos: ahí están los de la atraccion magnética, de la electricidad, y del galvanismo. En estos fenómenos, obran agentes que en sí mismos son imperceptibles al sentido: ¿por qué no habrian podido estar dispuestos de manera que los sintiéramos como á los demás cuerpos? 20120414: 2798L 80% 177p Highlight| Es probable pues, que en el universo hay muchos seres imperceptibles á nuestros sentidos, y para cuya percepcion seria bastante una modificacion de los órganos, ó un cambio en algunas leyes de la naturaleza. ¡Ancho campo de atrevidas conjeturas, y meditaciones sublimes! 20120414: 2803L 81% 178p Highlight| Hablo únicamente de la posibilidad, porque estando limitados á lo que nos enseña la experiencia, ignoramos lo que hay en la esfera de los seres con quienes no estamos en comunicacion: si algo sabemos de ellos, es lo que Dios nos ha revelado: y la revelacion es para enseñarnos, nó la filosofía, sino la virtud. 20120414: 2809L 81% 178p Highlight| envuelve nuestro espíritu inmortal, se disolverá, deshaciéndose en polvo; entonces, el ser que dentro de nosotros siente, piensa y quiere, se hallará en un estado nuevo, separado de la organizacion corpórea. ¿Cuáles serán entonces sus facultades? 20120414: 2829L 81% 179p Highlight| por el cuerpo, como el que ejerce una accion por medio de un instrumento: quien siente es el alma misma; y la accion instrumental del cuerpo se reduce á poner ciertas condiciones, de las cuales resulta la sensacion, por influjo físico ú ocasional. 20120414: 2832L 82% 180p Highlight| no hay ninguna repugnancia intrínseca en que Dios comunique á un espíritu puro facultades sensitivas; ya sean de representacion, como esas en que se nos ofrece el mundo corpóreo; ya sean puramente subjetivas, como las de placer ó de dolor. 20120414: 2843L 82% 180p Highlight| Quizás se pudiera creer que no queda ya ninguna duda con respecto á la posibilidad de la sensacion, independientemente de los órganos corpóreos: y que para decir lo contrario, seria preciso sostener que Dios no puede producir por sí mismo, lo que produce por medio de las causas segundas. 20120414: 2850L 82% 181p Highlight| en vez de decir: «Las facultades sensitivas no repugnan á un espíritu puro,» dijésemos: «las facultades sensitivas no repugnan á la simplicidad de un espíritu puro.» 20120414: 2869L 83% 182p Highlight| representacion nos ocurre: ora será la misma palabra causalidad, escrita ó hablada; ora la imágen de un hombre que ejecute alguna cosa; ora la de otro agente cualquiera; pero nunca podremos deshacernos de toda representacion sensible. 20120414: 2891L 83% 183p Highlight| con las propiedades pasivas, se combinan las activas: tales concebimos los agentes corpóreos, que si bien no llegan aun á la categoría de vivientes, toman ya una parte activa en la produccion de los fenómenos que salen del laboratorio de la naturaleza. 20120414: 2894L 83% 183p Highlight| Al entrar en el órden de los seres orgánicos, ya nos hallamos con una naturaleza mas expansiva: la vida es una continua expansion. El ser viviente, se extiende en algun modo al tiempo en que habrá cesado de existir, encerrando en sí mismo los gérmenes reproductivos; 20120414: 2915L 84% 185p Highlight| aspecto de la simplicidad; y que las consideraciones sobre el carácter de la inteligencia deben hacernos cautos para no afirmar como posible, lo que quizá veríamos imposible, si conociésemos mejor la naturaleza de las cosas. 20120414: 2922L 84% 185p Highlight| Para ejercer sus funciones de la manera conveniente, es necesario que esté en incesante comunicacion con su propio cuerpo y con los que le rodean, teniendo la intuicion sensible de las relaciones corpóreas, siendo avisada por el dolor de cualquier desórden que en su cuerpo ocurra, y guiándose por el sentimiento del placer, como por un instinto que dirigido y templado por la razon, puede indicarle lo provechoso ó lo necesario. 20120414: 2949L 85% 187p Highlight| Guardémonos de aventurar proposiciones sobre arcanos que nos son desconocidos: pero guardémonos tambien de señalar lindes á la Omnipotencia, llamando imposible lo que á los ojos de una sana filosofía, está en el órden de la posibilidad. 20120414: 2957L 85% 187p Highlight| hablar de un lugar mismo, con abstraccion de los cuerpos, es hablar de nada. Luego, la impenetrabilidad no puede ser otra cosa que cierta relacion, ó de los cuerpos ó de las ideas. 20120414: 2962L 85% 188p Highlight| Cuando imaginamos que los dos globos coinciden perfectamente, ya no hay dos, sino uno solo; cuando imaginamos que un globo ocupa una parte del otro, resulta una figura nueva, ó bien el uno es considerado como una porcion del otro, y por consiguiente está contenido en su idea; así se ve en el caso en que el menor se mete dentro del mayor. 20120414: 2982L 86% 189p Highlight| El universo no se ha calcado sobre nuestra experiencia, sino que nuestra experiencia ha dimanado de él: decir que no hay ni puede haber nada sino lo que la misma nos atestigua, es hacer á nuestro yo el tipo del universo, es afirmar que sus leyes están radicadas en nosotros y son emanaciones de nuestro ser: orgullo necio para ese átomo imperceptible que se presenta por algunos instantes en el inmenso teatro de la naturaleza y luego desaparece; orgullo necio, para ese espíritu que á pesar del grandor de su capacidad, siente su impotencia para sustraerse á esas leyes, á esos fenómenos, que segun la monstruosa suposicion, debieran ser obra de él mismo. 20120414: 2988L 86% 189p Highlight| los objetos extensos hay dos cosas: multiplicidad y continuidad: la primera es absolutamente necesaria, 20120414: 3005L 87% 191p Highlight| El misterio de la Eucaristía es un hecho sobrenatural, incomprensible al débil hombre, inexplicable con palabras humanas; esto lo confiesan los católicos; esto lo reconoce la Iglesia. 20120414: 3039L 88% 193p Highlight| ¿Qué es la extension? en la realidad es un conjunto de relaciones de los seres que entran en la composicion de lo extenso. 20120414: 3046L 88% 193p Highlight| Si se supone un cuerpo con la extension sometida á otras condiciones, sin la relacion ordinaria á la extension de los demás; falta el supuesto en que hacemos estribar la imposibilidad de estar un cuerpo á un mismo tiempo en muchos lugares; luego habiendo probado que la omnipotencia divina puede alterar y hasta quitar estas relaciones, no hay ninguna contradiccion en que falte lo que de ellas debia resultar. 20120414: 3057L 88% 194p Highlight| para que se examinase mas profundamente la distancia del fenómeno á la realidad; la diferencia entre lo contingente y lo necesario: el augusto misterio pesaba sobre la filosofía suscitando cuestiones que probablemente no se hubieran ofrecido jamás al entendimiento del hombre. 20120414: 3063L 88% 194p Highlight| El pecado original es un misterio, pero este misterio explica el mundo entero; la Encarnacion es un misterio, pero este misterio explica las tradiciones del humano linaje; 20120414: 3079L 89% 195p Highlight| por tanto, si no existia antes en el espíritu, tampoco ha podido nacer de la sensacion, como un efecto de su causa. 20120414: 3088L 89% 196p Highlight| La vista, ó la representacion imaginaria de un triángulo, es un fenómeno contingente, que nada nos dice sobre las relaciones necesarias de los lados y de los ángulos entre sí. Para llegar á percibir estas relaciones, esta necesidad, se requiere algo mas; ese algo mas, llamadle ideas innatas, fuerza, fecundidad, actividad del espíritu, ó como querais: lo cierto es que existe, que no ha podido nacer de la sensacion, y que pertenece á un órden totalmente distinto de los fenómenos sensibles, inmensamente superior. 20120414: 3105L 90% 197p Highlight| y ejerza su accion generalizadora. ¿Este triángulo es ese cuadrilátero? nó ¿Son ambos extensos? sí. ¿Esta superficie es ese volúmen? nó. ¿Son ambos extensos? sí. ¿Todos los triángulos son diferentes de los cuadriláteros? sí. ¿Todas las superficies, todos los volúmenes tienen extension? sí. ¿Cómo habeis pasado de un hecho á todos? ¿de lo contingente á lo necesario? ¿Habeis explicado lo que es la extension? nó. ¿Habeis explicado en qué convienen esas cosas diferentes entre sí? nó. 20120414: 3114L 90% 197p Highlight| 1. Hay certeza inmediata de nuestras relaciones con seres distintos de nosotros. 2. Hay certeza de la existencia de un mundo externo. 3. El mundo externo no es mas para nosotros que un ser extenso que nos afecta, y que está sometido á leyes constantes que podemos determinar. 4. Tenemos idea de la extension. 5. La idea de la extension es excitada por las sensaciones, pero no se confunde con ellas. 6. La idea de la extension, es la idea matriz, fundamental, en todo lo relativo al conocimiento de los cuerpos. 7. La idea de la extension no debe confundirse con la representacion imaginaria de la extension. 8. Un espacio extenso, y que sin embargo no sea nada real, es un absurdo. 9. El espacio no es nada real distinto de la extension misma de los cuerpos. 10. Donde no hay cuerpos, no hay distancias. 11. El movimiento es la mudanza de las situaciones de los cuerpos entre sí. 12. No hay vacío, ni puede haberlo de ninguna clase. 13. La idea del espacio es la idea de la extension en abstracto. 14. La imaginacion de un espacio sin límites no es mas que un esfuerzo de la imaginacion, para seguir al entendimiento en la abstraccion de la extension. Nace tambien de la costumbre de ver por medios transparentes y de movernos por flúidos sin resistencia. 15. Como nosotros no sabemos de los cuerpos sino que son extensos y nos afectan; lo que reune estas dos condiciones es para nosotros cuerpo. 16. Pero como no conocemos la esencia del cuerpo, no sabemos si puede existir un cuerpo sin extension. 17. Tampoco sabemos á qué modificaciones puede estar sujeta la extension de un cuerpo con respecto á otros. 18. Los elementos de que se componen los cuerpos nos son desconocidos. 19. La aproximacion de unos cuerpos á otros, y por consiguiente la gravitacion universal, parece ser un efecto necesario de sus relaciones actuales. 20. La necesidad de la aproximacion no basta para explicar ni las leyes del movimiento, ni su principio, ni su continuacion. 21. La idea del espacio no es una condicion absolutamente necesaria para sentir. 22. La idea de la extension tiene una objetividad real. 23. El tránsito de la subjetividad á la objetividad es en lo tocante á la extension, un hecho primitivo de nuestra naturaleza. 24. Luego los fenómenos corpóreos tienen una existencia real fuera de nosotros. 25. Luego del testimonio de los sentidos nace una verdadera certeza, no solo fenomenal, sino tambien científica. 26. La razon al examinar la relacion de la subjetividad con la objetividad en las sensaciones, justifica con su exámen el instinto de la naturaleza. 27. La geometría considera la extension en abstracto; pero con certeza de que cuando en la realidad se dé el postulado, resultarán las consecuencias; y que la aproximacion del postulado dará consecuencias aproximadas. 28. A pesar de la certeza sobre la realidad de un mundo externo, no conocemos su esencia. 29. Ignoramos lo que es este mundo, visto por un espíritu puro. 30. La intuicion sensible á que se refiere nuestra geometría, no constituye la esencia del conocimiento científico; y puede estar separada de él. 31. No es intrínsecamente imposible un cambio en las relaciones de los seres corpóreos entre sí, y con nuestras facultades sensitivas. FIN DEL TOMO SEGUNDO. ajk,Balmes,Filosofia fundamental-2,2,3470,220,phi,esp,3# (35L=%, 16L=p, 220 pages) ajk,Balmes,Filosofia fundamental-3,2,3650,217,phi,esp,3# Filosofía Fundamental, Tomo III (Spanish Edition) (Jaime Luciano Balmes) 20120420: 1519L 41% 90p Highlight| Pregunta el ateo qué medio tenemos para cerciorarnos de la existencia de Dios; y como que exige una aparicion de la divinidad para creer en ella; pues bien, esa aparicion existe, y nó fuera de nosotros, sino dentro de nosotros: 20120420: 1525L 42% 91p Highlight| Dios mismo, ser por esencia, no es un ser en abstracto, es una realidad infinita. En él está particularizada, por decirlo así, la idea general de la plenitud del ser, de toda perfeccion, de la infinidad. 20120420: 1558L 43% 93p Highlight| Nuestro individuo no existia hace poco, y la verdad existia; cuando nosotros hayamos desaparecido, la verdad continuará la misma, sin haber perdido nada. 20120420: 1559L 43% 93p Highlight| Hay ciertas verdades necesarias que todos los hombres perciben sin haberse convenido, ni podido convenir; luego todas las inteligencias individuales beben en algun manantial comun, luego existe la razon universal. 20120420: 1567L 43% 93p Highlight| Un hecho real ha de tener un principio real; un fenómeno universal ha de tener una causa universal; un fenómeno independiente de todo entendimiento finito, ha de nacer de alguna causa independiente de todo entendimiento finito. 20120420: 1569L 43% 93p Highlight| Luego existe una razon universal, orígen de todas las razones finitas, fuente de toda verdad, luz de todas las inteligencias, lazo de todos los seres. 20120420: 1571L 43% 93p Highlight| Luego la unidad de la razon humana da una cumplida demostracion de la existencia de Dios. La razon universal existe; y la razon universal es una palabra sin sentido, si no significa un ser por esencia, inteligente, activo, productor de todos los seres, de todas las inteligencias, causa de todo, luz de todo. 20120420: 1574L 43% 94p Highlight| La razon impersonal de que hablan algunos filósofos es una palabra sin sentido. O existe una razon distinta de las nuestras, ó nó: si existe no es impersonal: si no existe, no se puede explicar la comunidad de las razones humanas; 20120420: 1588L 43% 94p Highlight| Las verdades necesarias preexisten pues á la razon humana: y esta preexistencia es una palabra sin sentido, cuando no se la refiere á un ser, orígen de toda realidad, y fundamento de toda posibilidad. No hay pues razon impersonal propiamente dicha: 20120420: 1590L 43% 94p Highlight| en cuanto á todos los entendimientos finitos los ilumina una misma luz: Dios que los ha criado. 20120421: 1602L 44% 95p Highlight| Si se nos pregunta qué seria de esta verdad en caso de que nosotros no existiéramos, responderemos sin vacilar que la verdad seria la misma, que no adquiere nada con nuestra existencia, ni perderia nada con nuestra desaparicion. 20120422: 1739L 47% 103p Highlight| Los filósofos no han llegado á ponerse de acuerdo sobre las ideas de espacio y tiempo; y sin embargo el hombre mas ignorante se sirve de estas palabras, y las aplica con exactitud, en todos los casos que se le ofrecen. Esto parece probar que la dificultad no está en la idea, sino en la explicacion de la misma. 20120422: 1760L 48% 105p Highlight| nuestra percepcion no es capaz de abarcar muchos á un tiempo; resulta que el ejercicio de nuestras facultades, es por necesidad sucesivo, sirviendo de lazo á las percepciones, la unidad de la conciencia. 20120423: 1874L 51% 111p Highlight|Sea cual fuere 20120423: 1887L 52% 112p Highlight|sea lo que fuere: 20120423: 1891L 52% 112p Highlight| El principio de Descartes «yo pienso luego soy» 20120423: 1902L 52% 113p Highlight| Desde el momento que se hace entrar en ella una determinacion cualquiera, se la destruye en cierto modo; ya no hay la idea de ser, sino de tal ser; una idea aplicada, mas nó la del ser mismo, en toda su generalidad. 20120423: 1908L 52% 113p Highlight| [9.] Luego la idea del ente es una idea simplicísima, que es irresoluble en otros elementos, y que por tanto no puede nacer de la palabra, sino como de una causa excitante. 20120423: 1911L 53% 114p Highlight| el ser, nos es imposible explicarlo de otra manera que por sí mismo. 20120423: 1917L 53% 114p Highlight| [10.] De esto se infiere que la idea de ente no es para nosotros intuitiva; pues que con su indeterminacion misma, excluye el que pueda ofrecer á nuestra percepcion un objeto determinado. 20120423: 1919L 53% 114p Highlight| distinguir entre la idea absoluta del ser y la relativa; 20120423: 1922L 53% 114p Highlight| Pedro es; Pedro es bueno. En la primera, el verbo es significa la realidad de Pedro, ó su existencia; en la segunda, expresa la union del predicado, bueno, con el sujeto, Pedro. En el primer caso, el verbo ser es substantivo, en el segundo es copulativo. El substantivo expresa simplemente la existencia; el copulativo una determinacion, un modo de existir. 20120423: 1934L 53% 115p Highlight| La mesa es, equivale á, la mesa es existente. 20120423: 1946L 53% 116p Highlight| el verbo ser, cuando es copulativo, expresa la relacion de dos ideas. 20120423: 1986L 54% 118p Highlight| el orígen de todas nuestras ideas, está en la de ser, mas nó real, sino posible. «La simple idea del ser, dice, no es percepcion de alguna cosa existente, sino intuicion de alguna cosa posible: no es mas que la idea de la posibilidad de la cosa» 20120423: 1990L 54% 118p Highlight| [24.] ¿Qué es la posibilidad? La idea de posibilidad, prescindiendo de sus clasificaciones, nos ofrece una idea general de la no repugnancia ó la no exclusion de dos cosas entre sí; como la idea de imposibilidad nos presenta esa repugnancia, esa exclusion. 20120423: 2014L 55% 120p Highlight| Cuando concebimos el ser en toda su abstraccion, no concebimos otra cosa que el existir; estas dos palabras significan una misma idea. 20120423: 2029L 56% 121p Highlight| Luego la idea del ser es independiente de la idea de posibilidad; y esta no es aplicable sino con relacion á aquella. 20120423: 2033L 56% 121p Highlight| [34.] Cuando aplicamos á las cosas la idea de ser, no entendemos aplicarles la de posibilidad; sino la de realidad. 20120426: 2423L 66% 144p Highlight| ejemplos: «el sol es;» «el sol es luminoso:» en la primera proposicion, el ser es substantivo, ó expresa la existencia; en la segunda, es copulativo, ó significa la relacion del predicado con el sujeto. 20120427: 3136L 86% 186p Highlight| 2.º ¿Era posible que al comenzar la existencia de este mundo, hubiese existido otro? Sin duda: para esto bastaba que Dios le hubiese criado, sin criar el actual; bastaba el ser del uno; con el no ser del otro. ajk,Balmes,Filosofia fundamental-3,2,3650,217,phi,esp,3# (36L=%, 17L=p, 217 pages) ajk,Balmes,Filosofia fundamental-4,2,3997,235,phi,esp,3# Filosofía Fundamental, Tomo IV (Spanish Edition) (Jaime Luciano Balmes) 20120429: 20L 0% 1p Highlight| No se os negaba que vuestra figura fuese mas noble y galana que la del mono; no se os disputaba la superioridad de la inteligencia; pero debiais guardaros de pretender ni á orígen ni á destino mas elevados. El curso de los siglos podia desarrollar y perfeccionar las formas del mono, é igualarlas con las vuestras; podia desarrollar y perfeccionar su masa cerebral de tal suerte que de los descendientes de ese mono que os divierte con sus movimientos extravagantes y sus actitudes ridículas, nacieran hombres como Platon, san Agustin, Leibnitz ó Bossuet. 20120429: 75L 2% 4p Highlight|eslabonan 20120502: 571L 14% 33p Highlight| En cada pié hay doce pulgadas; luego el número de pulgadas contenidas en la línea será doce veces mayor que el número de piés; luego este no es infinito. 20120502: 625L 16% 37p Highlight| Todo ser finito es mudable, y sus mudanzas se pueden contar. Las modificaciones traidas por las mudanzas no pueden existir juntas, porque algunas de ellas se excluyen recíprocamente; luego no es posible jamás el número actual infinito. 20120502: 630L 16% 37p Highlight|gira al rededor de un punto, 20120502: 727L 18% 43p Highlight| Cuando se dice pues que Dios es simple, se viene á significar que Dios no es un conjunto de seres sino un ser; lo que no envuelve ninguna negacion, antes por el contrario encierra la afirmacion de una existencia no dividida en varios seres. 20120502: 753L 19% 44p Highlight| La inercia, ó sea la indiferencia para el movimiento ó la quietud, significa una propiedad puramente negativa. 20120502: 832L 21% 49p Highlight| [149.] El exámen de la idea de lo infinito es de la mayor importancia; puesto que va inseparablemente unida con la idea de Dios. 20120502: 834L 21% 49p Highlight|[151.] Finito es lo que tiene límites. 20120502: 834L 21% 49p Highlight| [152.] Infinito no es lo mismo que indefinido: lo infinito es lo que carece de límites: in-finito; lo indefinido es aquello cuyos límites no están señalados: in-definido. 20120502: 839L 21% 49p Highlight| [155.] La idea de lo infinito, negando el límite, niega una negacion, luego es una idea afirmativa; así como la idea de lo finito es negativa, porque afirma una negacion. 20120502: 843L 21% 49p Highlight| [157.] La idea de lo infinito no es intuitiva. No tenemos intuicion de ningun objeto infinito con infinidad absoluta ni aun relativa. 20120502: 846L 21% 50p Highlight| [159.] El concepto indeterminado de lo infinito no nos hace conocer ninguna cosa infinita. 20120502: 856L 21% 50p Highlight| [164.] Aunque tenemos concepto de la extension infinita, nos es imposible imaginárnosla. 20120502: 865L 22% 51p Highlight| [172.] El ser absolutamente infinito debe ser inteligente. 20120502: 867L 22% 51p Highlight| [175.] La idea indeterminada de lo infinito, se forma de la combinacion de las de ser y no ser. 20120502: 3701L 93% 218p Highlight| En todos tiempos, han ocupado un lugar preferente entre las cuestiones filosóficas, las que versan sobre la idea de lo infinito; y en nuestra época, apenas hay ninguna que deba merecer mas atencion, si se quieren atajar los progresos del panteismo. No me cansaré de repetir que muchos errores gravísimos dimanan de confusion en las ideas fundamentales; 20120505: 1340L 34% 79p Highlight| EXÁMEN DE LA OPINION DE KANT SOBRE EL ARGUMENTO QUE ÉL LLAMA EL 20120505: 1339L 34% 79p Highlight| CAPÍTULO X. EXÁMEN DE LA OPINION DE KANT SOBRE EL ARGUMENTO QUE ÉL LLAMA EL PARALOGISMO DE LA PERSONALIDAD. 20120505: 1486L 37% 87p Highlight|CAPÍTULO XI. SIMPLICIDAD DEL ALMA. 20120505: 1549L 39% 91p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XII. EXÁMEN DE LA OPINION DE KANT SOBRE EL ARGUMENTO CON QUE SE PRUEBA LA SIMPLICIDAD DEL ALMA. 20120505: 1710L 43% 100p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XIII. COMO LA IDEA DE SUBSTANCIA ES APLICABLE Á 20120505: 1747L 44% 103p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XIV. UNA ACLARACION IMPORTANTE; Y UN RESÚMEN. 20120505: 1771L 44% 104p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XV. EL PANTEISMO EXAMINADO EN EL ÓRDEN DE LAS IDEAS. 20120505: 1825L 46% 107p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XVI. EL PANTEISMO EXAMINADO EN EL ÓRDEN DE LOS HECHOS 20120505: 1867L 47% 110p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XVII. EL PANTEISMO EXAMINADO EN EL ÓRDEN DE LOS HECHOS INTERNOS. 20120505: 1902L 48% 112p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XVIII. SISTEMA PANTEISTA DE FICHTE. 20120505: 2091L 52% 123p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XIX. RELACIONES DEL SISTEMA DE FICHTE CON LAS DOCTRINAS DE KANT. 20120505: 2155L 54% 127p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XX. CONTRADICCION DEL PANTEISMO CON LOS HECHOS PRIMORDIALES DEL ESPÍRITU HUMANO. 20120505: 2223L 56% 131p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XXI. RÁPIDA OJEADA SOBRE LOS PRINCIPALES ARGUMENTOS DE LOS PANTEISTAS. 20120505: 2257L 57% 133p Highlight| LIBRO DÉCIMO. NECESIDAD Y CAUSALIDAD. CAPÍTULO I. NECESIDAD. 20120505: 2303L 57% 135p Highlight|CAPÍTULO II. LO INCONDICIONAL. 20120505: 2333L 58% 137p Highlight| CAPÍTULO III. INMUTABILIDAD DEL SER NECESARIO É INCONDICIONAL. 20120505: 2382L 60% 140p Highlight|CAPÍTULO IV. IDEAS DE CAUSA Y EFECTO. 20120505: 2412L 60% 142p Highlight| CAPÍTULO V. ORÍGEN DE LA NOCION DE CAUSALIDAD. 20120505: 2453L 61% 144p Highlight| CAPÍTULO VI. SE FORMULA Y DEMUESTRA EL PRINCIPIO DE CAUSALIDAD. 20120505: 2486L 62% 146p Highlight| CAPÍTULO VII. EL PRINCIPIO DE LA PRECEDENCIA. 20120505: 2621L 66% 154p Highlight| CAPÍTULO VIII. LA CAUSALIDAD EN SÍ MISMA. INSUFICIENCIA Y ERROR DE ALGUNAS EXPLICACIONES. 20120505: 2718L 68% 160p Highlight| CAPÍTULO IX. CONDICIONES NECESARIAS Y SUFICIENTES PARA LA VERDADERA CAUSALIDAD ABSOLUTA. 20120505: 2751L 69% 162p Highlight|CAPÍTULO X. CAUSALIDAD SECUNDARIA. 20120505: 2792L 70% 164p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XI. EXPLICACION FUNDAMENTAL DEL ORÍGEN DE LA OSCURIDAD DE LAS IDEAS EN LO TOCANTE Á LA CAUSALIDAD. 20120505: 2835L 71% 167p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XII. CAUSALIDAD DE PURO IMPERIO DE LA VOLUNTAD. 20120505: 2874L 72% 169p Highlight|CAPÍTULO XIII. LA ACTIVIDAD. 20120505: 2975L 74% 175p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XIV. SE EXAMINA SI ES POSIBLE LA ACTIVIDAD CORPÓREA. 20120505: 3020L 76% 178p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XV. CONJETURAS SOBRE LA EXISTENCIA DE LA ACTIVIDAD CORPÓREA. 20120505: 3074L 77% 181p Highlight|CAPÍTULO XVI. CAUSALIDAD INTERNA. 20120505: 3185L 80% 187p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XVII. ACLARACIONES SOBRE LA ESPONTANEIDAD. 20120505: 3256L 81% 191p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XVIII. CAUSALIDAD FINAL. MORALIDAD. 20120505: 3346L 84% 197p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XIX. EXÁMEN DE ALGUNAS EXPLICACIONES DE LA MORALIDAD. 20120505: 3447L 86% 203p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XX. EXPLICACION FUNDAMENTAL DEL ÓRDEN MORAL. 20120505: 3676L 92% 216p Highlight|CAPÍTULO XXI. OJEADA SOBRE LA OBRA. 20120505: 3697L 92% 217p Highlight|FIN. NOTAS. (SOBRE EL LIBRO VIII). 20120505: 3706L 93% 218p Highlight|(SOBRE EL LIBRO IX). 20120505: 3716L 93% 218p Highlight| FIN. INDICE DE LAS MATERIAS DEL TOMO CUARTO. LIBRO OCTAVO. LO INFINITO. CAPÍTULO PRIMERO. 20120505: 3716L 93% 218p Highlight|FIN DE LAS NOTAS. 20120505: 3725L 93% 219p Highlight| Importancia y anomalía de las cuestiones sobre la idea de lo infinito. 20120505: 3726L 93% 219p Highlight| Importancia del exámen de esta idea. Anomalía. Disputas sobre su naturaleza y existencia. Hecho que ellas indican. 12 CAPÍTULO III. Sí tenemos idea de lo infinito. Tenemos esta idea. Prueba. Lo infinito y lo indefinido. La idea de lo infinito es fija. Ejemplo. La distincion entre lo infinito y lo finito se funda en el principio de contradiccion. 14 CAPÍTULO IV. El límite. Negaciones que afirman. El límite filosófico y el matemático. Lo finito envuelve negacion. Lo infinito afirmacion. 18 20120505: 3734L 94% 220p Highlight| Consideraciones sobre la aplicacion de la idea de lo infinito á la cantidad continua, y á la discreta en cuanto se expresa en series. Posibilidad de aplicar dicha idea á muchos órdenes. Razones en pro y en contra de la infinidad lineal, de la numérica expresada en series, de la de las superficies y sólidos. 21 CAPÍTULO VI. Orígen de la vaguedad y aparentes contradicciones en la aplicacion de la idea de lo infinito. Las dificultades en la aplicacion de la idea prueban su existencia. Vaguedad de la misma. No es intuitiva. Qué seria si fuese intuitiva. Efecto de su naturaleza actual. Carácter de las ideas indeterminadas. 25 CAPÍTULO VII. Explicacion fundamental de la idea abstracta de lo infinito. 20120505: 3734L 94% 220p Highlight| Consideraciones sobre la aplicacion de la idea de lo infinito á la cantidad continua, y á la discreta en cuanto se expresa en series. Posibilidad de aplicar dicha idea á muchos órdenes. Razones en pro y en contra de la infinidad lineal, de la numérica expresada en series, de la de las superficies y sólidos. 21 CAPÍTULO VI. Orígen de la vaguedad y aparentes contradicciones en la aplicacion de la idea de lo infinito. Las dificultades en la aplicacion de la idea prueban su existencia. Vaguedad de la misma. No es intuitiva. Qué seria si fuese intuitiva. Efecto de su naturaleza actual. Carácter de las ideas indeterminadas. 25 CAPÍTULO VII. Explicacion fundamental de la idea abstracta de lo infinito. El límite y varias negaciones del mismo. Como generalizamos estas ideas. Ser y negacion de límite, constituyen la idea abstracta de lo infinito. No nos hace conocer una cosa infinita. Ejemplos de otras ideas semejantes. 30 CAPÍTULO VIII. Se comprueba con aplicaciones á la extension, la definicion de la infinidad. De qué provienen las anomalías de la aplicacion. Infinidad de una recta. De un valor lineal. Se explican las contradicciones aparentes. Si se concibe un valor lineal absolutamente infinito. Diferencia entre su concepto y su intuicion sensible. 33 CAPÍTULO IX. Concepto de un número infinito. Como se forma esta idea. No representa nada determinado. Aplicaciones. 40 CAPÍTULO X. Concepto de la extension infinita. En qué consiste. Su imaginacion es imposible. Observaciones sobre una dificultad del párrafo 40. 45 CAPÍTULO XI. Sobre la posibilidad de la extension infinita. Dificultad sobre la posibilidad intrínseca y extrínseca. Omnipotencia. Solucion. 48 CAPÍTULO XII. Solucion de varias dificultades contra la posibilidad de una extension infinita. 20120505: 3760L 94% 221p Highlight| Lo que se funda en la relacion de las propiedades con la substancia. Lo que estriba en la diferencia entre lo finito y lo infinito. Varias consideraciones sobre estas diferencias. Nueva dificultad fundada en la aparicion y desaparicion de extensiones infinitas. 50 CAPÍTULO XIII. Si existe la extension infinita. Opinion de Descartes y de Leibnitz. Observaciones del autor. 58 CAPÍTULO XIV. Sobre la posibilidad de un número infinito actual. 20120505: 3766L 94% 221p Highlight| Si existiese no se podria multiplicar. No se puede expresar ni algebráica ni geométricamente. Infinidad de especies y de individuos. Posibilidad de especies infinitas. Si hay un limite en la perfectibilidad de las especies. Imposibilidad de la existencia simultánea pag. de todas las modificaciones. Con esto se demuestra la imposibilidad de un número infinito actual. 61 CAPÍTULO XV. Idea del ser absolutamente infinito. Dificultades de esta idea. Si se explica bastante con la idea de un ser sin negacion de ser. Qué es la perfeccion. Se ha de hallar con propiedades formales en el ser infinito. Qué se entiende por toda perfeccion. Dos negaciones. Se debe afirmar del ser infinito todo lo que no implica contradiccion. 71 CAPÍTULO XVI. 20120505: 3774L 94% 222p Highlight| Se afirma de Dios toda la realidad contenida en los conceptos indeterminados. Reseña. Ser. Substancia. Simplicidad. Causalidad. Necesidad. 77 CAPÍTULO XVII. Como se afirma de Dios todo lo no contradictorio, contenido en las ideas intuitivas. Sensibilidad pasiva. Materia. Sensibilidad activa. Inteligencia. Voluntad. Libertad. 80 CAPÍTULO XVIII. La inteligencia y el ser absolutamente infinito. Como concibe á Dios la humanidad. Caractéres de la inteligencia: es activa, inofensiva, pura. Engendra la libertad y la moral. Idea del ser absolutamente infinito. 83 CAPÍTULO XIX. Resúmen 20120505: 3785L 95% 223p Highlight| LIBRO NOVENO. LA SUBSTANCIA. CAPÍTULO I. Nombre é idea general de la substancia. Existencia de la idea, su falta de claridad. Su importancia. No se debe comenzar por una definicion. Método. Nombre. Expresa algo constante entre las mudanzas. 95 CAPÍTULO II. Aplicacion de la idea de substancia á los objetos corpóreos. Explicaciones analíticas. Cómo se aplica á los cuerpos. Cómo y por qué no se aplica á las sensaciones. Particularidad de la extension. Lazo de las sensaciones. 99 CAPÍTULO III. 20120505: 3795L 95% 223p Highlight| Definicion de la substancia corpórea. Dificultad. Aplicacion. Análisis de las ideas que componen la de substancia corpórea. Resultado. Con los accidentes la substancia se nos manifiesta. 105 CAPÍTULO IV. Relaciones de la substancia corpórea con sus accidentes. Incluye multiplicidad. Disposicion de partes. El accidente depende de la substancia, nó esta de aquel. Aplicacion á las figuras. Cambios de figuras. Como entre estas hay semejanza y nó identidad. Se explica el sentido de la comunicacion del movimiento. 108 CAPÍTULO V. Consideraciones sobre la substancia corpórea en sí misma. 20120505: 3809L 95% 224p Highlight| Los fenómenos internos se distinguen individualmente. Tambien los semejantes. Observaciones sobre el recuerdo. Todos los fenómenos pasan en nuestro interior para no volver. Sin sujeto, formarian una serie, sin ley ni lazo. Sin la substancialidad del alma, no se podria decir: yo pensaba, yo pienso; sino: habia pensamiento, hay pensamiento. 121 CAPÍTULO VIII. Consideraciones sobre la intuicion que el alma tiene ó puede tener en sí misma. Existencia de cierta intuicion. Cómo se implica en todas las afecciones internas. Su unidad probada por la misma variedad. Si esto se negase, se negaria el testimonio de la conciencia. Conocemos el alma como objeto. Conjeturas sobre la posibilidad de otras intuiciones. El alma sola separada. 20120505: 3817L 95% 224p Highlight| CAPÍTULO IX. Exámen de la opinion de Kant sobre los argumentos con que se prueba la substancialidad del alma. Motivo personal de su opinion. Mala exposicion del argumento. Cómo debe presentarte. Cómo aplica aquí su errada teoría, sobre las categorías puras. Dos sentidos de la palabra sujeto. Ninguno es exclusivo al tratar del alma. No se necesita la intuicion sensible. Su falso supuesto sobre el argumento psicológico. No se prescinde de la experiencia. Contradiccion de Kant, cuando confiesa la presencia del yo en todo pensamiento. La interrupcion del pensamiento confirma la permanencia del alma. Demostracion. 128 CAPÍTULO X. Exámen de la opinion de Kant sobre el argumento que el llama el paralogismo de la personalidad. 20120505: 3825L 96% 225p Highlight| Inexactitud en el uso de la palabra persona. Equivocada expresion de la identidad de conciencia. Identidad del yo con respecto á un observador extraño. Singular explicacion de la transmision de la conciencia. Metáfora del lazo. Para la transmision no basta la sucesion. Se estrecha á Kant, fijando mas el estado de la cuestion. Confesion de Kant sobre la necesidad de la conciencia de la identidad. Consecuencias de no admitir esta necesidad por criterio legítimo. 153 CAPÍTULO XI. Simplicidad del alma. 20120505: 3830L 96% 225p Highlight| Qué se entiende por simple. Prueba del sentido íntimo en pro de la simplicidad del alma. Otra fundada en la misma naturaleza del pensamiento. Otra fundada en el acto de voluntad. Que el pensamiento no puede ser un producto de distintas substancias. Dilema fundado en la divisibilidad. 157 CAPÍTULO XII. Exámen de la opinion de Kant sobre el argumento con que se prueba la simplicidad del alma. 20120505: 3835L 96% 225p Highlight| Sofisma de Kant. No es verdad que todo pensamiento resulte de muchas representaciones. Como en la diversidad de las representaciones hay la unidad. Semejanza del movimiento. Grosería de esta idea. Un ejemplo de la mecánica. Disparidad. Resultado en contra de los adversarios. Como podemos sacar de la experiencia la unidad del sujeto pensante. Valor de la experiencia. Su enlace con las verdades necesarias. Como la demostracion se extiende á todos los sujetos pensantes. Indeterminacion del conocimiento que tenemos del alma. Doctrina de Santo Tomás. 161 CAPÍTULO XIII. Como la idea de substancia es aplicable á Dios. 20120505: 3841L 96% 226p Highlight| No es esencial á toda substancia el ser mudable. Cotejo de dos definiciones de las escuelas. Que puede existir una substancia inmutable. Como conviene á Dios toda la perfeccion encerrada en la idea de substancia. 180 CAPÍTULO XIV. Una aclaracion importante y un resúmen. Como se entiende que la substancia es subsistente por sí misma. Dos relaciones: negacion de inherencia, y negacion de dependencia. Se fijan las ideas sobre este punto. Resúmen. 181 CAPÍTULO XV. El panteismo examinado en el órden de las ideas. 20120505: 3856L 97% 227p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XVII. El panteismo examinado en el órden de los hechos internos. El panteísmo está en contradiccion con la distincion entre el yo y el no yo. Es contrario á la experiencia de la comunicacion de los espíritus. Absurdo de una conciencia única. Sentido comun. Sentido íntimo. Individualidad de la conciencia. 196 CAPÍTULO XVIII. Sistema panteista de Fichte. Legítimo sentido de la proposicion: yo soy. Extrañas deducciones de Fichte. Se tantea una explicacion racional. No la consienten las palabras de Fichte. Las proposiciones; yo soy yo; A = A. El panteismo idealista expresamente consignado. El yo sin conciencia. Fichte elude la dificultad. Dilema contra su doctrina. Nuevas pruebas del panteismo de Fichte. Como diviniza al yo. Aclaracion fundamental. Como Fichte saca del yo el mundo externo. Absurdidad de esta doctrina. 200 CAPÍTULO XIX. Relaciones del sistema de Fichte con las doctrinas de Kant. 20120505: 3856L 97% 227p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XVII. El panteismo examinado en el órden de los hechos internos. El panteísmo está en contradiccion con la distincion entre el yo y el no yo. Es contrario á la experiencia de la comunicacion de los espíritus. Absurdo de una conciencia única. Sentido comun. Sentido íntimo. Individualidad de la conciencia. 196 CAPÍTULO XVIII. Sistema panteista de Fichte. Legítimo sentido de la proposicion: yo soy. Extrañas deducciones de Fichte. Se tantea una explicacion racional. No la consienten las palabras de Fichte. Las proposiciones; yo soy yo; A = A. El panteismo idealista expresamente consignado. El yo sin conciencia. Fichte elude la dificultad. Dilema contra su doctrina. Nuevas pruebas del panteismo de Fichte. Como diviniza al yo. Aclaracion fundamental. Como Fichte saca del yo el mundo externo. Absurdidad de esta doctrina. 200 CAPÍTULO XIX. Relaciones del sistema de Fichte con las doctrinas de Kant. Las doctrina de Kant sobre el espacio y el tiempo conducen al idealismo. Pasajes de Kant, donde hace salir del yo el no yo. Opinion de Rosenkranz sobre la trascendencia de las doctrinas de Kant. Como se equivocan muchos considerando á Kant como el restaurador del espiritualismo. Cuán dañosos son sus escritos. 219 CAPÍTULO XX. Contradiccion del panteismo con los hechos primordiales del espíritu humano. Contradiccion del panteismo con la idea del número. Con la de distincion. Con los juicios negativos. Con la idea de relacion. Con el sentido usual del principio de contradiccion. Con la idea de contingencia. Con la de finito é infinito. Con la de órden. Con la de libertad de albedrío. Con los sentimientos del corazon. 20120505: 3874L 97% 228p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XXI. Rápida ojeada sobre los principales argumentos de los panteistas. Ciencia. Ente. Substancia. Infinito. Confusion de los panteistas en estas ideas. Orígen del mal y su remedio. 232 20120505: 3878L 97% 228p Highlight| LIBRO DECIMO. NECESIDAD Y CAUSALIDAD. CAPÍTULO I. Necesidad. 20120505: 3881L 97% 228p Highlight| Nocion fundamental. Diversas aplicaciones. Necesidad é imposibilidad son ideas correlativas. Dos órdenes de necesidad. Como la existencia debe contenerse en la idea del ser necesario. Defecto del raciocinio de Descartes. Demostracion de la existencia de un ser necesario. Resúmen. 237 CAPÍTULO II. Lo incondicional. Definiciones. Se prueba la existencia de lo incondicional. Imposibilidad de una serie infinita de términos condicionales. 242 CAPÍTULO III. Inmutabilidad del ser necesario é incondicional. 20120505: 3888L 97% 229p Highlight| A su estado le repugna el no estado. Aclaracion. Dificultad. Solucion. Ficcion de varios seres incondicionales, y de su accion reciproca. Que dicho ser no es perfectible. Como contiene todas las perfecciones reales y posibles. 245 CAPÍTULO IV. Ideas de causa y efecto. Nocion y existencia de la noticia de la causalidad. Tenemos idea de causa. Qué se contiene en ella. Axiomas. 250 CAPÍTULO V. Origen de la nocion de causalidad. Que existen causas y efectos. Testimonio de nuestra conciencia. La idea de causa no es simple. Actividad. De dónde nace su idea. Idea de la creacion es la de causalidad perfectísima. 20120505: 3897L 97% 229p Highlight| CAPÍTULO VI. Se formula y demuestra el principio de causalidad. Sentido del principio. Pequeña serie: no A, A. Órden de los conceptos. Aclaracion. Parangon de las dos doctrinas opuestas. Los sensualistas. 257 CAPÍTULO VII. El principio de la precedencia. Análisis de este principio. Como conduce á una cosa preexistente. Opinion de Galluppi. Observaciones. Dudas sobre el valor de esta demostracion. Parece no demostrar el principio de causalidad, sino el de sucesion. Como se auxilian estos dos principios. Nuevas aclaraciones. Se manifiesta el valor de esta prueba. Como viene á parar á las ideas de ser y no ser. 260 CAPÍTULO VIII. 20120505: 3906L 98% 230p Highlight| La causalidad en sí mísma. Insuficiencia y error de algunas explicaciones. La causalidad implica relacion á otro. Actividad y causalidad. Dios y las criaturas. Se plantea la cuestion. Explicaciones insuficientes. Palabras metafóricas. Causalidad no es lo mismo que sucesion. Ni el enlace de las ideas. Ni la prioridad de una de ellas. Ni el enlace expresado en ciertas proposiciones condicionales. Ejemplo. Sentido inverso de las proposiciones. 273 CAPÍTULO IX. Condiciones necesarias y suficientes para la verdadera causalidad absoluta. Dos condiciones. Fórmula que las expresa. Aplicaciones. Ocasion. Remocion de obstáculos. Enlace de órden en el tiempo. Observacion sobre las causas libres. Aplicacion á la primera. 20120505: 3914L 98% 230p Highlight| CAPÍTULO X. Causalidad secundaria. Diferencia entre la causalidad primaria y la secundaria. Condiciones para la causalidad secundaria. Ejemplos aclaratorios. 286 CAPÍTULO XI. Explicacion fundamental del origen de la oscuridad de las ideas en lo tocante á la causalidad. Se recuerda una doctrina del Lib. IV. Aplicaciones. Disputa filosófica sobre las causas segundas. Modo de terminarla. 290 CAPÍTULO XII. Causalidad de puro imperio de la voluntad. 20120505: 3921L 98% 231p Highlight| Defensa de la doctrina de la creacion. Consideraciones sobre su incomprensibilidad. Reflexiones sobre la causalidad intelectual. Relacion de lo existente con lo no existente. Esta solo pueden tenerla los seres inteligentes. Consecuencia en favor de la existencia de Dios. 293 CAPÍTULO XIII. La actividad. Inercia, inaccion. Tres condiciones. Actividad. Accion. Tres clases. De cuál tenemos idea intuitiva. No toda actividad es transitiva. Que no tenemos intuicion de la actividad corpórea. Análisis. Orden subjetivo y objetivo. Ejemplos. Conocemos dos modos de ser: Extension y Conciencia. Aquella es tipo de inercia; esta de actividad. Varias consideraciones sobre la actividad. Voluntad. Libertad. Parangon entre la extension y la conciencia. 299 CAPÍTULO XIV. 20120505: 3930L 98% 231p Highlight| Se examina si es posible la actividad corpórea. Imposibilidad de probar que la materia es incapaz de actividad. Se examina la prueba. Se refuta. 309 CAPÍTULO XV. Conjeturas sobre la existencia de la actividad corpórea. Razon en pro, fundada en el órden de los fenómenos. Espectáculo de actividad ofrecido por el universo corpóreo. Respuestas evasivas; réplicas. 313 CAPÍTULO XVI. Causalidad interna. Recuerdos. Conceptos hijos de reflexion. Libre albedrío. Carácter activo de todos los fenómenos internos. Objecion. Sensaciones. Pensamientos y sentimientos espontáneos. Relaciones de la espontaneidad con la organizacion. 319 CAPÍTULO XVII. 20120505: 3939L 99% 232p Highlight| Aclaraciones sobre la espontaneidad. Se consignan varios hechos sobre las condiciones del desarrollo de nuestro espíritu. Necesidad de una enseñanza primitiva. Lenguaje. Imposibilidad de que sea invencion humana. No hay ninguna civilizacion espontánea. Escaso número de ideas á que van á parar las demás. Deduccion en favor de una inteligencia, causa y maestra de las otras. 330 CAPÍTULO XVIII. Causalidad final. Moralidad. Diferencia entre la causalidad eficente y la final. Necesidad y libertad. Universalidad de las ideas morales. Las confiesan los mismos que las niegan. No pueden ser hijas de una preocupacion. Fuerza de las ideas y sentimientos morales. Su orígen divino. Las dificultades no pueden hacer dudar de su existencia. Sus efectos. 20120505: 3948L 99% 232p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XIX. Exámen de algunas explicaciones de la moralidad. La ley eterna. La razon. La voluntad divina. La representacion en Dios. Diferencia de forma entre las proposiciones morales y las metafísicas. Si la moralidad consiste en conducir al fin último. Si se identifica con la felicidad. Si es posible una explicacion. 346 CAPÍTULO XX. Explicacion fundamental del órden moral. Hay algo moral, absoluto. Santidad de Dios. Una criatura sola. Carácter inmanente de la moralidad. Resultado contra erradas teorías. Sabiduría de la Religion cristiana. El amor de Dios, fundamento de toda moralidad. Si en Dios hay deber. La moralidad se puede expresar de un modo absoluto. El ser infinito se ama a sí mismo. Que todo se ordena á Dios. Como se ordenan á Dios las criaturas libres. Por qué Dios no es amado por la criatura 20120505: 3961L 99% 233p Highlight| CAPÍTULO XXI. Ojeada sobre la obra. 378 NOTAS. I 381 II Id. Esta obra constará de 4 tomos, al precio cada uno de 16 rs. vn. en Barcelona, en la librería de Bacsi, y de 20 en los siguientes puntos franco de porte. Algeciras, Contilló. Alicante, Carratalá. Almería, Santamaría. Avila, R. Martin Lázaro. Badajoz, Carrillo y sobrinos. Cadiz, Hortal y compañia. Ciudad Real, Malaguilla. 20120505: 3969L 99% 233p Highlight| Figueras, Matas. Gerona, Figaró. Granada, Sanz. Lérida, Viuda Carminas. Sol. Madrid, Rodriguez. Málaga, Martinez de Aguilar. Palma, Trias, Garcia. Pamplona, Longus y Ripa. Pto. Sta. Maria, Valderrama. Reus, Viuda Angelon. Salamanca, Moran. Santiago, Rey Romero é hijos. Sevilla, Angulo y Comp. s Tarragona, Granell. Valencia, Navarro. Valladolid, Roldan. Zaragoza, Yagüe. 20120505: 3974L 100% 234p Highlight| OBRAS DEL AUTOR QUE SE HALLAN DE VENTA EN LA LIBRERIA DE BRUSI. El Protestantismo comparado con el Catolicismo en sus relaciones con la civilizacion europea. 5 tomos 61 rs. vn. El Criterio, 1 tomo 16 id. La Religion demostrada al alcance de los niños 3 id. La Sociedad, revista religiosa, filosófica, política y literaria, 2 tomos de 576 páginas cada uno 72 id. 20120505: 3981L 100% 234p Highlight| La Civilizacion, revista religiosa, filosófica, política y literaria de Barcelona, escrita por D. Jaime Balmes, D. Joaquin Roca y Cornet y D. Jose Ferrer y Subirano: 3 tomos de 576 páginas los dos primeros y 480 el último. El Sr. Balmes escribió en esta revista 500 páginas, equivalentes á un tomo. Precios de la obra 100 id. Nota 1: Hablo de diferencia entre cantidades positivas, porque en no suponiéndolas tales, se puede representar algebráicamente una diferencia infinita. Sean estas dos cantidades (x-a) y (-a). Buscando la diferencia tenemos: D = (x-a) - (-a) = x-a+a = x.[1] Nota 2: Non ergo per essentiam suam, sed per actum suum se cognoscit intellectus noster, et hoc dupliciter. Uno quidem modo particulariter, secundum quod Sortes, vel Plato percipit se habere animam intellectivam ex hoc, quod percipit se intelligere. Alio modo in universali secundum quod naturam 20120511: 2959L 74% 174p Highlight| Los mismos fenómenos de la naturaleza se ofrecen á los ojos de los brutos animales que á los de Kepler ó de Newton; sin embargo lo que para aquellos no sale de la esfera de las impresiones sensibles, se convierte para estos en un manantial de teorías admirables. 20120511: 3018L 75% 177p Highlight| Lo que podemos experimentar es la accion ó sea el ejercicio de la actividad; pero la inaccion ó sea el estado de una cosa absolutamente inactiva, no puede ser objeto de experiencia: esto es contradictorio. 20120512: 3237L 81% 190p Highlight| [189.] Yo quisiera que se me mostrara un pueblo que por sí solo haya salido del estado salvaje, ni aun del bárbaro. Todas las civilizaciones que se conocen están subordinadas unas á otras por una cadena no interrumpida. ajk,Balmes,Filosofia fundamental-4,2,3997,235,phi,esp,3# (40L=%, 17L=p, 235 pages) ajk,Balzac,Pere Goriot,2,4670,368,fic,fra,3# Le père Goriot (French Edition) (Honoré de Balzac) 20120304: 5L 0% 0p Highlight|I. Une pension bourgeoise    20120304: 1434L 31% 113p Highlight|II. L'entrée dans le monde    20120304: 2590L 55% 204p Highlight|III. Trompe-la-mort    20120304: 3626L 78% 286p Highlight|IV. La mort du père 20120304: 79L 2% 6p Highlight|carafes échancrées, ternies, 20120309: 1057L 23% 83p Highlight|médisances. 20120320: 3251L 70% 256p Highlight|Diantre  ! ajk,Balzac,Pere Goriot,2,4670,368,fic,fra,3# (47L=%, 13L=p, 368 pages) ajk,Cervantes,Don Quijote,174,20730,992,cla,esp,3# EL INGENIOSO HIDALGO DON QUIJOTE DE LA MANCHA (CON INDICE ACTIVO) (Spanish Edition) (Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra and Jordal Medí) 20110705: 705L 3% 26p Highlight|armar 20110705: 706L 3% 26p Highlight|armas; 20110705: 706L 3% 26p Highlight|armas; 20110705: 705L 3% 26p Highlight|otorgado, 20110707: 1321L 6% 55p Highlight|desaforados 20110707: 1336L 6% 56p Highlight|fuyades 20110707: 1355L 6% 57p Highlight|despaldado 20110707: 1364L 6% 57p Highlight|enderécese 20110707: 1393L 6% 59p Highlight|obedicido 20110707: 1394L 6% 59p Highlight|pendencias. 20110707: 1411L 6% 60p Highlight|achaque 20110707: 1510L 6% 64p Highlight|follón, 20110707: 1516L 7% 65p Highlight|cartapacios 20110707: 1517L 7% 65p Highlight|sedero; 20110707: 1544L 7% 66p Highlight|zancas 20110707: 1568L 7% 67p Highlight|corcovos 20110707: 1598L 7% 69p Highlight|loriga, 20110707: 1621L 7% 70p Highlight|redoma 20110708: 1716L 7% 74p Highlight|embaulaban 20110708: 1716L 7% 74p Highlight|tasajo 20110708: 1717L 7% 74p Highlight|avellanadas, 20110708: 1718L 8% 75p Highlight|arcaduz 20110708: 1719L 8% 75p Highlight|zaque 20110708: 1734L 8% 75p Highlight|lampazos 20110708: 1744L 8% 76p Highlight|gasaje 20110708: 1754L 8% 76p Highlight|agasajamos 20110708: 1758L 8% 76p Highlight|rabel, 20110708: 1816L 8% 79p Highlight|sirgo; 20110709: 1876L 8% 82p Highlight|zagal 20110709: 1876L 8% 82p Highlight|denantes, 20110709: 1676L 7% 72p Highlight|quicios. 20110709: 1694L 7% 73p Highlight|tasajos 20110709: 2189L 10% 97p Highlight|llaga 20110709: 2312L 10% 103p Highlight|yangüeses 20110711: 2375L 11% 106p Highlight|bizmas 20110711: 2400L 11% 107p Highlight|estoque 20110711: 2402L 11% 108p Highlight|tizona 20110711: 2532L 11% 114p Highlight|desasirse. 20110712: 2661L 12% 120p Highlight|bizmar. 20110713: 2725L 12% 123p Highlight|apearme 20110713: 2830L 13% 128p Highlight|alanceallas 20110713: 3058L 14% 139p Highlight|lanzón 20110713: 3306L 15% 151p Highlight|bacía de azófar; 20110713: 3334L 15% 152p Highlight|alcuza 20110714: 3509L 16% 161p Highlight|gurapas, 20110715: 3852L 18% 177p Highlight|zagales, 20110715: 3862L 18% 178p Highlight|ínfima 20110715: 3863L 18% 178p Highlight|mancebo 20110715: 3880L 18% 179p Highlight|plañirla 20110715: 3964L 18% 183p Highlight|sayo, 20110716: 4143L 19% 192p Highlight|desalbardara, 20110716: 4177L 19% 193p Highlight|pollinesca 20110716: 4186L 20% 194p Highlight|pollinos. 20110718: 4812L 23% 224p Highlight|lagares 20110719: 5110L 24% 238p Highlight|breñas 20110719: 5111L 24% 238p Highlight|tracista, 20110719: 5266L 25% 246p Highlight|gaznatico 20110720: 5369L 25% 251p Highlight|hanegas 20110720: 5370L 25% 251p Highlight|trechel? 20110720: 5370L 25% 251p Highlight|candeal, 20110720: 5371L 25% 251p Highlight|rubión 20110720: 5482L 26% 256p Highlight|vapulamiento; 20110721: 6541L 31% 307p Highlight|embozo, 20110722: 6807L 32% 320p Highlight|embozo. 20110722: 7040L 33% 331p Highlight|trincheas 20110723: 7226L 34% 340p Highlight|marfuces. 20110723: 7325L 35% 345p Highlight|mudéjares elches, 20110723: 7361L 35% 347p Highlight|aljófar 20110723: 7413L 35% 349p Highlight|arrancándosele 20110724: 7486L 36% 353p Highlight|bagarinos, 20110724: 7536L 36% 355p Highlight|arrastrarse 20110724: 7578L 36% 357p Highlight|bogar 20110724: 7689L 37% 363p Highlight|oidor 20110725: 7694L 37% 363p Highlight|oidor 20110725: 7941L 38% 375p Highlight|guedeja 20110725: 8042L 38% 380p Highlight|bardas 20110725: 8121L 39% 384p Highlight|cibera. 20110725: 8169L 39% 386p Highlight|bacía 20110726: 8219L 39% 388p Highlight|morrión, 20110726: 8406L 40% 397p Highlight|cuita, 20110726: 8435L 40% 399p Highlight|palafrén, 20110727: 8738L 42% 413p Highlight|fregona? 20110727: 8791L 42% 416p Highlight|cabalgaduras, 20110727: 8791L 42% 416p Highlight|acémila. 20110728: 8969L 43% 424p Highlight|altercaciones 20110728: 9163L 44% 434p Highlight|galas 20110728: 9177L 44% 434p Highlight|rabel, 20110728: 9550L 46% 452p Highlight|premática 20110728: 9674L 46% 458p Highlight|amojamado, 20110729: 9749L 47% 462p Highlight|ojeriza, 20110729: 9892L 47% 469p Highlight|pegujares, 20110729: 10078L 48% 478p Highlight|caletre 20110729: 10208L 49% 484p Highlight|harbar, 20110729: 10290L 49% 488p Highlight|vestiglos, 20110729: 10290L 49% 488p Highlight|bramidos 20110730: 10662L 51% 506p Highlight|bardas 20110730: 10792L 52% 512p Highlight|aldabazos 20110730: 10793L 52% 512p Highlight|mancebas, 20110730: 10793L 52% 512p Highlight|abarraganados, 20110730: 10953L 52% 520p Highlight|concejil 20110730: 11023L 53% 524p Highlight|lercha! 20110730: 11177L 54% 531p Highlight|rucio, 20110730: 11442L 55% 544p Highlight|tagarninas, 20110730: 11442L 55% 544p Highlight|piruétanos, 20110730: 11551L 55% 549p Highlight|talegas de lienzo, 20110730: 11669L 56% 555p Highlight|faldriquera. 20110730: 11699L 56% 556p Highlight|mohínos 20110730: 11708L 56% 557p Highlight|bizmarse, 20110730: 11741L 56% 558p Highlight|algebrista, 20110730: 11782L 56% 560p Highlight|tordilla, 20110801: 12523L 60% 596p Highlight|invidia 20110801: 12536L 60% 597p Highlight|desposorios, por 20110801: 12537L 60% 597p Highlight|por 20110801: 12536L 60% 597p Highlight|desposorios, 20110801: 12537L 60% 597p Highlight|por 20110801: 12540L 60% 597p Highlight|cotufas 20110801: 12592L 60% 599p Highlight|algazara 20110801: 12693L 61% 604p Highlight|caletre 20110801: 12708L 61% 605p Highlight|agüela 20110801: 12750L 61% 607p Highlight|palaciega. 20110801: 12750L 61% 607p Highlight|garrida 20110801: 12957L 62% 617p Highlight|volteador 20110801: 13123L 63% 625p Highlight|cejijunta 20110801: 13205L 63% 629p Highlight|jara. 20110801: 13306L 64% 634p Highlight|seguidillas, 20110802: 13554L 65% 646p Highlight|titerero, 20110802: 13756L 66% 655p Highlight|titerero; 20110802: 13832L 66% 659p Highlight|tólogo; 20110802: 13832L 66% 659p Highlight|güevo 20110802: 13934L 67% 664p Highlight|mamonas 20110802: 13953L 67% 665p Highlight|varapalo 20110803: 13980L 67% 666p Highlight|sabogas 20110803: 14013L 67% 668p Highlight|meón, 20110803: 14013L 67% 668p Highlight|meo, 20110803: 14025L 67% 668p Highlight|coluros, 20110803: 14044L 67% 669p Highlight|aceñas 20110803: 14108L 68% 672p Highlight|palafrén 20110803: 14108L 68% 672p Highlight|hacanea 20110803: 14109L 68% 672p Highlight|azor, 20110803: 14159L 68% 675p Highlight|corma. 20110803: 14214L 68% 678p Highlight|apearla; 20110803: 14244L 68% 679p Highlight|higa. 20110805: 14844L 71% 708p Highlight|holgándose! 20110805: 14851L 71% 708p Highlight|gerifalte. 20110805: 14948L 72% 713p Highlight|diciplinante 20110805: 15037L 72% 717p Highlight|vapulamiento, 20110805: 15041L 72% 717p Highlight|¡Abernuncio! 20110805: 15046L 72% 718p Highlight|apedernaladas! 20110805: 15066L 72% 719p Highlight|abernuncio. 20110805: 15067L 72% 719p Highlight|-Abrenuncio 20110805: 15076L 72% 719p Highlight|halagarme 20110805: 15081L 72% 719p Highlight|cacique. 20110805: 15083L 72% 719p Highlight|pedernalinas, 20110805: 15170L 73% 724p Highlight|saya 20110805: 15255L 73% 728p Highlight|lueñes 20110805: 15276L 73% 729p Highlight|cabrahígo. 20110805: 15276L 73% 729p Highlight|váguidos 20110805: 15349L 74% 732p Highlight|caterva 20110805: 15374L 74% 734p Highlight|cohecharme 20110805: 15416L 74% 736p Highlight|seguidillas, 20110805: 15447L 74% 737p Highlight|cormana, 20110805: 15448L 74% 737p Highlight|jimia 20110806: 15696L 76% 749p Highlight|saeta! 20110806: 15861L 76% 757p Highlight|porro, 20110806: 15928L 77% 760p Highlight|regoldar, 20110806: 15928L 77% 760p Highlight|-Erutar, 20110806: 16055L 77% 766p Highlight|pucheritos. 20110806: 16344L 79% 780p Highlight|caletre 20110806: 16441L 79% 785p Highlight|paje 20110806: 16445L 79% 785p Highlight|vihuela 20110806: 16521L 80% 789p Highlight|tálamo 20110806: 16558L 80% 791p Highlight|hartazga 20110806: 16572L 80% 791p Highlight|atildadura; 20110806: 16575L 80% 791p Highlight|cañutillos 20110806: 16740L 81% 799p Highlight|blandamente. 20110806: 16777L 81% 801p Highlight|caterva 20110807: 17071L 82% 815p Highlight|aljófar 20110807: 17127L 82% 818p Highlight|vapularon 20110807: 17130L 82% 818p Highlight|holgó 20110807: 17156L 83% 820p Highlight|avellanada; 20110808: 17672L 85% 844p Highlight|paveses, 20110808: 17695L 85% 846p Highlight|trujéronle 20110808: 17704L 85% 846p Highlight|desasosiegos. 20110808: 17723L 85% 847p Highlight|piache! 20110808: 18129L 87% 866p Highlight|malandrines 20110808: 18389L 89% 879p Highlight|sayas 20110808: 18389L 89% 879p Highlight|pellicos 20110808: 18400L 89% 880p Highlight|églogas, 20110809: 18570L 90% 888p Highlight|nísperos. 20110809: 18705L 90% 894p Highlight|vapularme 20110809: 18705L 90% 894p Highlight|mosquearme 20110809: 18901L 91% 904p Highlight|lladres 20110809: 18966L 91% 907p Highlight|algazara, 20110809: 18966L 91% 907p Highlight|lililíes 20110809: 19012L 92% 909p Highlight|vaquilla, 20110809: 19084L 92% 913p Highlight|sarao 20110809: 19165L 92% 916p Highlight|destemplanza. 20110809: 19335L 93% 925p Highlight|toraquís, 20110809: 19347L 93% 925p Highlight|arráez. 20110809: 19358L 93% 926p Highlight|entena. 20110809: 19724L 95% 943p Highlight|chuzo 20110809: 19724L 95% 943p Highlight|azcona 20110809: 19815L 96% 948p Highlight|albogues! 20110809: 19869L 96% 950p Highlight|sayo, 20110809: 19899L 96% 952p Highlight|hollen 20110809: 19899L 96% 952p Highlight|adivas, 20110809: 19899L 96% 952p Highlight|avispas 20110809: 19899L 96% 952p Highlight|avispas 20110809: 19988L 96% 956p Highlight|bocací 20110809: 19989L 96% 956p Highlight|coroza, 20110809: 20073L 97% 960p Highlight|argado 20110809: 20073L 97% 960p Highlight|mamonas 20110809: 20073L 97% 960p Highlight|alfilerazos 20110809: 20088L 97% 961p Highlight|caperuza, 20110809: 20323L 98% 972p Highlight|ferreruelo 20110809: 20329L 98% 973p Highlight|guadameciles 20110810: 20544L 99% 983p Highlight|mañeruelas, 20110810: 20545L 99% 983p Highlight|esquinen. ajk,Cervantes,Don Quijote,174,20730,992,cla,esp,3# (206L=%, 21L=p, 992 pages) ajk,Crispi,Garibaldi,2,573,48,bio,ita,2# Garibaldi (Francesco Crispi) ajk,Crispi,Garibaldi,2,573,48,bio,ita,2# (6L=%, 12L=p, 48 pages) ajk,Darwin,Origin of Species,2,6250,459,sci,eng,# On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection, or, the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Charles Darwin) ajk,Darwin,Origin of Species,2,6250,459,sci,eng,# (62L=%, 14L=p, 459 pages) ajk,Dickens,Christmas Carol,48650,50193,112,cla,eng,2# The Complete Charles Dickens Collection (51 books) [Illustrated] (Charles Dickens) 20110917: 193541L9390%10517p Highlight|tantalising 20110917: 193560L9391%10518p Highlight|Work'us,' 20110919: 195546L9521%10663p Highlight|fogels and tickers--' 20110920: 196108L9556%10703p Highlight|wentur. 20110921: 196647L9591%10742p Highlight|hoptalmy!' 20110923: 198908L9738%10907p Highlight|sitch 20111223: 48591L -4% -4p Highlight|gait; 20111224: 49647L 64% 72p Highlight|sexton's ajk,Dickens,Christmas Carol,48650,50193,112,cla,eng,2# (15L=%, 14L=p, 112 pages) ajk,Dickens,Oliver Twist,192665,201605,520,cla,eng,3# The Complete Charles Dickens Collection (51 books) [Illustrated] (Charles Dickens) 20110917: 193541L 10% 51p Highlight|tantalising 20110917: 193560L 10% 52p Highlight|Work'us,' 20110919: 195546L 32% 168p Highlight|fogels and tickers--' 20110920: 196108L 38% 200p Highlight|wentur. 20110921: 196647L 45% 232p Highlight|hoptalmy!' 20110923: 198908L 70% 363p Highlight|sitch 20111223: 48591L-1612%-8380p Highlight|gait; 20111224: 49647L-1600%-8319p Highlight|sexton's ajk,Dickens,Oliver Twist,192665,201605,520,cla,eng,3# (89L=%, 17L=p, 520 pages) ajk,Draper,Religion and Science,1,4402,374,rel,eng,3# History of the Conflict Between Religion and Science (John William Draper) 20110818: 112L 2% 9p Highlight|Evolution, Creation, Development. 20110818: 116L 3% 10p Highlight| what Latin Christianity has done for modern civilization. 20110818: 117L 3% 10p Highlight|what Science has done. 20110819: 155L 3% 13p Highlight| they not only denied the unseen, the supernatural, they even affirmed that the world is only a day-dream, a phantasm, and that nothing at all exists. 20110819: 158L 3% 13p Highlight| They were ever ready to barter patriotic considerations for foreign gold, 20110819: 177L 4% 15p Highlight| Persian coin, the Daric, which was stamped with the image of an archer. 20110819: 185L 4% 16p Highlight| Alexander crossed the Hellespont into Asia. His army consisted of thirty-four thousand foot and four thousand horse. 20110819: 191L 4% 16p Highlight| Persian loss was not less than ninety thousand foot and ten thousand horse. 20110819: 249L 6% 21p Highlight| the military talent they fostered led to the establishment of the mathematical and practical schools of Alexandria, the true origin of science. 20110819: 261L 6% 22p Highlight| his fleet should attempt the circumnavigation of Africa, and come into the Mediterranean through the Pillars of Hercules--a feat which, it was affirmed, had once been accomplished by the Pharaohs. 20110819: 267L 6% 23p Highlight| Babylonians had fixed the length of a tropical year within twenty-five seconds of the truth; their estimate of the sidereal year was barely two minutes in excess. They had detected the precession of the equinoxes. 20110819: 275L 6% 23p Highlight| Not without interest do we still look on specimens of their method of printing. Upon a revolving roller they engraved, in cuneiform letters, their records, and, running this over plastic clay formed into blocks, produced ineffaceable proofs. From their tile-libraries we are still to reap a literary and historical harvest. 20110819: 294L 7% 25p Highlight| It is the duty of a good man to cultivate truth, purity, and industry. 20110819: 301L 7% 25p Highlight| Alexander died at Babylon before he had completed his thirty-third year (B.C. 323). There was a suspicion that he had been poisoned. 20110819: 331L 7% 28p Highlight| Philadelphian library, and were crowded with the choicest statues and pictures. This library eventually comprised four hundred thousand volumes. 20110819: 338L 8% 29p Highlight| In the establishment of the Museum, Ptolemy Soter and his son Philadelphus had three objects in view: 1. The perpetuation of such knowledge as was then in the world; 2. Its increase; 3. Its diffusion. 20110819: 403L 9% 34p Highlight| though there is a Supreme Power, there is no Supreme Being. There is an invisible principle, but not a personal God, to whom it would be not so much blasphemy as absurdity to impute the form, the sentiments, the passions of man. 20110819: 416L 9% 35p Highlight| unrepining submission to whatever befalls us, a life led in accordance with reason? 20110819: 421L 10% 36p Highlight| Plato, therefore, trusted to the imagination, Aristotle to reason. 20110819: 424L 10% 36p Highlight| The philosophy of Plato is a gorgeous castle in the air; that of Aristotle a solid structure, laboriously, and with many failures, founded on the solid rock. 20110819: 432L 10% 37p Highlight| the only observation which the history of astronomy offers us, made by the Greeks before the school of Alexandria, is that of the summer solstice of the year B.C. 432. by Meton and Euctemon. 20110820: 467L 11% 40p Highlight| Ptolemy, the author of the great work, "Syntaxis," "a Treatise on the Mathematical Construction of the Heavens." It maintained its ground for nearly fifteen hundred years, and indeed was only displaced by the immortal "Principia" of Newton. 20110820: 498L 11% 42p Highlight| The traditions of European mythology, the revelations of Asia, the time-consecrated dogmas of Egypt, all had passed or were fast passing away. And the Ptolemies recognized how ephemeral are forms of faith. 20110820: 501L 11% 42p Highlight| recognized that within this world of transient delusions and unrealities there is a world of eternal truth. 20110820: 503L 11% 43p Highlight| It is to be discovered by the investigations of geometry, and by the practical interrogation of Nature. 20110820: 505L 11% 43p Highlight| The day will never come when any one of the propositions of Euclid will be denied; 20110820: 508L 11% 43p Highlight| The Museum of Alexandria was thus the birthplace of modern science. 20110820: 526L 12% 45p Highlight| Considering the connection which in all ages has existed between political and religious ideas, it was then not at all strange that polytheism should manifest a tendency to pass into monotheism. 20110820: 547L 12% 46p Highlight| The widows and orphans of the community were thus supported, the poor and the sick sustained. From this germ was developed a new, and as the events proved, all-powerful society--the Church; 20110820: 553L 13% 47p Highlight| Its propagation was hastened by missionaries who made it known in all directions. None of the ancient classical philosophies had ever taken advantage of such a means. 20110820: 559L 13% 47p Highlight| it began to exhibit political tendencies, a disposition to form a government within the government, an empire within the empire. 20110820: 591L 13% 50p Highlight| "The books of Moses, in which God has inclosed, as in a treasure, all the religion of the Jews, and consequently all the Christian religion, reach far beyond the oldest you have, even beyond all your public monuments, the establishment of your state, the foundation of many great cities--all that is most advanced by you in all ages of history, and memory of times; the invention of letters, which are the interpreters of sciences and the guardians of all excellent things. 20110820: 599L 14% 51p Highlight| The divinity of these Scriptures is proved by this, that all that is done in our days may be found predicted in them; they contain all that has since passed in the view of men. 20110820: 603L 14% 51p Highlight| These Holy Scriptures teach us that there is one God, who made the world out of nothing, 20110820: 608L 14% 52p Highlight| The prophets of those old times were Jews; they addressed their oracles, for such they were, to the Jews, who have stored them up in the Scriptures. 20110820: 609L 14% 52p Highlight| On them, as has been said, Christianity is founded, though the Christian differs in his ceremonies from the Jew. 20110820: 610L 14% 52p Highlight| The honor we bear to Christ does not derogate from the honor we bear to God. 20110820: 646L 15% 55p Highlight| Tertullian renews an assertion which, carried into practice, as it subsequently was, affected the intellectual development of all Europe. He declares that the Holy Scriptures are a treasure from which all the true wisdom in the world has been drawn; 20110820: 684L 16% 58p Highlight| Nothing distinguishes you from the pagans, except that you hold your assemblies apart from them." 20110820: 696L 16% 59p Highlight| Two arguments were relied on for the authenticity of these objects--the authority of the Church, and the working of miracles. 20110820: 702L 16% 60p Highlight| Though there were several abbeys that possessed this last peerless relic, no one dared to say that it was impossible they could all be authentic. 20110820: 716L 16% 61p Highlight| Nay, the very same temples, the very same images, which were once consecrated to Jupiter and the other demons, are now consecrated to the Virgin Mary and the other saints. 20110820: 729L 17% 62p Highlight|sacred and profane knowledge; 20110820: 730L 17% 62p Highlight| Paganism leaned for support on the learning of its philosophers, Christianity on the inspiration of its Fathers 20110820: 738L 17% 63p Highlight| Arius, a disappointed candidate for the office of bishop. He took the ground that there was a time when, from the very nature of sonship, the Son did not exist, and a time at which he commenced to be, asserting that it is the necessary condition of the filial relation that a father must be older than his son. 20110820: 748L 17% 63p Highlight| "The Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church anathematizes those who say that there was a time when the Son of God was not, and that, before he was begotten, he was not, and that he was made out of nothing, or out of another substance or essence, and is created, or changeable, or alterable." 20110820: 766L 17% 65p Highlight| "What am I? Where am I? What can I know?" 20110820: 802L 18% 68p Highlight| The face of creation testifies that there has been a Creator; but at once arises the question, "How and when did he make heaven and earth? They could not have been made IN heaven and earth, the world could not have been made IN the world, nor could they have been made when there was nothing to make them of." The solution of this fundamental inquiry St. Augustine finds in saying, "Thou spakest, and they were made." 20110820: 816L 18% 69p Highlight| I say that, before God made heaven and earth, he did not make any thing, for no creature could be made before any creature was made. Time itself is a creature, and hence it could not possibly exist before creation. 20110820: 909L 21% 77p Highlight| cultivation of science was restored, and Christendom lost many of her most illustrious capitals, as Alexandria, Carthage, and, above all, Jerusalem. 20110820: 938L 21% 80p Highlight| If, satisfied with this picture of happiness, illiterate persons never inquired how the details of such a heaven were carried out, or how much pleasure there could be in the ennui of such an eternally unchanging, unmoving scene, it was not so with the intelligent. 20110820: 951L 22% 81p Highlight| Cyril was determined that the worship of the Virgin as the Mother of God should be recognized, Nestor was determined that it should not. 20110820: 953L 22% 81p Highlight| the Virgin should be considered not as the Mother of God, but as the mother of the human portion of Christ, 20110821: 1033L 24% 88p Highlight| Nestorians, as we have seen, denied that God had "a mother." 20110821: 1042L 24% 88p Highlight| never to speak of Jesus as the Son of God, but always as "Jesus, the son of Mary." 20110821: 1069L 24% 91p Highlight| In a nocturnal dream he was carried by Gabriel from Mecca to Jerusalem, and thence in succession through the six heavens. Into the seventh the angel feared to intrude and Mohammed alone passed into the dread cloud that forever enshrouds the Almighty. "A shiver thrilled his heart as he felt upon his shoulder the touch of the cold hand of God." 20110821: 1076L 24% 91p Highlight| Afterward, with Oriental eloquence, he said, "Paradise will be found in the shadow of the crossing of swords." 20110821: 1078L 25% 92p Highlight| the doctrine he proclaimed, that "there is but one God," was universally adopted by his countrymen, and his own apostleship accepted 20110821: 1097L 25% 93p Highlight| He absolutely rejects the Trinity, of which he seems to have entertained the idea that it could not be interpreted otherwise than as presenting three distinct Gods. 20110821: 1101L 25% 93p Highlight| The God of the Koran is altogether human, both corporeally and mentally, if such expressions may with propriety be used. 20110821: 1112L 25% 94p Highlight| Abubeker, the father of Ayesha, was selected. He was proclaimed the first khalif, or successor of the Prophet. 20110821: 1121L 25% 95p Highlight| "History of the Intellectual Development of Europe." 20110821: 1135L 26% 96p Highlight| The Saracens nicknamed the Christians "Associators," because they joined Mary and Jesus as partners with the Almighty and Most Holy God. 20110821: 1144L 26% 97p Highlight| And I deny him that was crucified, and whosoever worships him. And I choose God for my Lord, Islam for my faith, Mecca for my temple, the Moslems for my brethren, Mohammed for my prophet, who was sent to lead us in the right way, and to exalt the true religion in spite of those who join partners with God." 20110821: 1287L 29% 109p Highlight| A nation may recover the confiscation of its provinces, the confiscation of its wealth; it may survive the imposition of enormous war-fines; but it never can recover from that most frightful of all war-acts, the confiscation of its women. 20110821: 1290L 29% 110p Highlight| "If they want to marry in Syria, let them; and let them have as many female slaves as they have occasion for." It was the institution of polygamy, 20110821: 1295L 29% 110p Highlight| anthropomorphic religion. Its God was only a gigantic man, its heaven a mansion of carnal pleasures. From these imperfect ideas its more intelligent classes very soon freed themselves, substituting for them others more philosophical, more correct. 20110821: 1299L 29% 110p Highlight| The attributes of God cannot be determined from the attributes of man. His sovereignty and government can neither be compared nor measured." 20110822: 1380L 31% 117p Highlight| According to the Koran, the earth is a square plane, edged with vast mountains, which serve the double purpose of balancing it in its seat, and of sustaining the dome of the sky. 20110822: 1387L 32% 118p Highlight| having become acquainted with the globular form of the earth, gave orders to his mathematicians and astronomers to measure a degree of a great circle upon it, 20110822: 1413L 32% 120p Highlight| division of the Saracen Empire by internal dissensions into three parts. The Abasside dynasty in Asia, the Fatimite in Egypt, and the Ommiade in Spain, 20110822: 1418L 32% 120p Highlight| The essential characteristics of their method are experiment and observation. 20110822: 1420L 32% 121p Highlight| solution of a problem is always obtained by performing an experiment, or by an instrumental observation. 20110822: 1464L 33% 124p Highlight| Ben Musa furnished the solution of quadratic equations, Omar Ben Ibra him that of cubic equations. 20110822: 1465L 33% 124p Highlight| The Saracens also gave to trigonometry its modern form, substituting sines for chords, which had been previously used; 20110822: 1474L 33% 125p Highlight| The Arabian astronomers also devoted themselves to the construction and perfection of astronomical instruments, to the measurement of time by clocks of various kinds, by clepsydras and sun-dials. They were the first to introduce, for this purpose, the use of the pendulum. 20110822: 1480L 34% 126p Highlight| corrected the Greek misconception, that a ray proceeds from the eye, and touches the object seen, introducing the hypothesis that the ray passes from the object to the eye. 20110822: 1497L 34% 127p Highlight| when they speak of man, and attribute to him a completeness and equilibrium in nature and constitution--not that man was once a bull, and was changed into an ass, and afterward into a horse, and after that into an ape, and finally became a man." 20110822: 1507L 34% 128p Highlight| THE pagan Greeks and Romans believed that the spirit of man resembles his bodily form, varying its appearance with his variations, and growing with his growth. 20110822: 1512L 34% 128p Highlight| In the uncertainty as to what becomes of the soul in the interval between its separation from the body and the judgment-day, many different opinions were held. 20110822: 1536L 35% 130p Highlight| Vedaism developed itself into Buddhism, which has become the faith of a majority of the human race. 20110822: 1542L 35% 131p Highlight| Nirwana is reached, oblivion is attained, a state that has no relation to matter, space, or time, 20110822: 1548L 35% 131p Highlight| from the Father the Son emanates, and thence the Holy Ghost. 20110822: 1565L 36% 133p Highlight|Averroism is philosophical Islamism. 20110822: 1578L 36% 134p Highlight| Erigena thus conceives of the Deity as an unceasing participator in Nature, being its preserver, maintainer, upholder, and in that respect answering to the soul of the world of the Greeks. 20110822: 1584L 36% 135p Highlight| In that final absorption which, after a lapse of time, must necessarily come, God will be all in all, and nothing exist but him alone." 20110822: 1586L 36% 135p Highlight| There is a fourfold conception of universal Nature--two views of divine Nature, as origin and end; two also of framed Nature, causes and effects. There is nothing eternal but God." 20110822: 1604L 36% 136p Highlight| there is no necessity of your perishing, on account of the perishing of your body. 20110822: 1607L 36% 136p Highlight| In a stone the material particles are in a state of stable equilibrium; it may, therefore, endure forever. An animal is in reality only a form through which a stream 20110822: 1607L 36% 136p Highlight| In a stone the material particles are in a state of stable equilibrium; it may, therefore, endure forever. An animal is in reality only a form through which a stream of matter is incessantly flowing. 20110822: 1615L 37% 137p Highlight| Where would human physiology be, if it were not illuminated by the bright irradiations of comparative physiology? 20110822: 1616L 37% 137p Highlight| Brodie, after an exhaustive consideration of the facts, affirms that the mind of animals is essentially the same as that of man. 20110822: 1616L 37% 137p Highlight| Every one familiar with the dog will admit that that creature knows right from wrong, and is conscious when he has committed a fault. 20110822: 1617L 37% 137p Highlight| Many domestic animals have reasoning powers, and employ proper means for the attainment of ends. 20110822: 1624L 37% 138p Highlight| "If you will watch a single ant at work, you can tell what he will next do!" He is considering the matter, and reasoning as you are doing. 20110822: 1627L 37% 138p Highlight| these insects are not automata, they show intention. They recognize their old companions, who have been shut up from them for many months, and exhibit sentiments of joy at their return. 20110822: 1637L 37% 139p Highlight| "from bees, and wasps, and ants, and birds, from all that low animal life on which he looks with supercilious contempt, man is destined one day to learn what in truth he really is." 20110822: 1643L 37% 140p Highlight| There is no such thing as a spontaneous, or self- originated, thought. Every intellectual act is the consequence of some preceding act. It comes into existence in virtue of something that has gone before. 20110822: 1653L 37% 140p Highlight| Two fundamental ideas are essentially attached to all our perceptions of external things: they are SPACE and TIME, 20110822: 1655L 38% 141p Highlight| The eye is the organ of space, the ear of time; the perceptions of which by the elaborate 20110822: 1687L 38% 143p Highlight| During a third part of our life, in sleep, we are withdrawn from external influences; hearing and sight and the other senses are inactive,but the never-sleeping Mind, that pensive, that veiled enchantress, in her mysterious retirement, looks over the ambrotypes she has collected--ambrotypes, for they are truly unfading impressions--and, combining them together, as they chance to occur, constructs from them the panorama of a dream. 20110822: 1715L 39% 146p Highlight| the knowledge of one person could be transmitted to another by conversation. The acts and thoughts of one generation could be imparted to another, and influence its acts and thoughts. 20110822: 1718L 39% 146p Highlight| The invention of the art of writing gave extension and durability to the registration or record of impressions. 20110822: 1739L 40% 148p Highlight| The universal, or active, or objective intellect, is uncreated, impassible, incorruptible, has neither beginning nor end; nor does it increase as the number of individual souls increases. 20110822: 1741L 40% 148p Highlight| This oneness of the active intellect, or reason, is the essential principle of the Averroistic theory, and is in harmony with the cardinal doctrine of Mohammedanism--the unity of God. 20110822: 1748L 40% 148p Highlight| Philosophy has never proposed but two hypotheses to explain the system of the world: first, a personal God existing apart, and a human soul called into existence or created, and thenceforth immortal; second, an impersonal intelligence, or indeterminate God, and a soul emerging from and returning to him. 20110822: 1767L 40% 150p Highlight| In the tenth century the Khalif Hakein II. had made beautiful Andalusia the paradise of the world. Christians, Mussulmen, Jews, mixed together without restraint. 20110822: 1786L 41% 152p Highlight| Averroes in this his blasphemous doctrine denies creation, providence, revelation, the Trinity, the efficacy of prayers, of alms, and of litanies; he disbelieves in the resurrection and immortality; he places the summum bonum in mere pleasure. 20110822: 1796L 41% 153p Highlight| Until Innocent IV. (1243), there was no special tribunal against heretics, distinct from those of the bishops. 20110322: 1829L 41% 155p Highlight| On March 30, 1492, the edict of expulsion was signed. All unbaptized Jews, of whatever age, sex, or condition, were ordered to leave the realm by the end of the following July. 20110822: 1858L 42% 158p Highlight| Averroes was not their inventor, be merely gave them clearness and expression. Among the Jews of the thirteenth century, he had completely supplanted his imputed master. Aristotle had passed away from their eyes; his great commentator, Averroes, stood in his place. 20110822: 1868L 43% 159p Highlight| he was pointed out as the originator of the atrocious maxim that "all religions are false, although all are probably useful." 20110822: 1869L 43% 159p Highlight| An attempt was made at the Council of Vienne to have his writings absolutely suppressed, and to forbid all Christians reading them. 20110823: 1962L 45% 167p Highlight| So accurate were they in their observations, that the ablest modern mathematicians have made use of their results. Thus Laplace, in his "Systeme du Monde," adduces the observations of Al-Batagni as affording incontestable proof of the diminution of the eccentricity of the earth's orbit. 20110823: 1970L 45% 167p Highlight| the question of the shape of the earth was finally settled by three sailors, Columbus, De Gama, and, above all, by Ferdinand Magellan. 20110823: 1979L 45% 168p Highlight| The circular visible horizon and its dip at sea, the gradual appearance and disappearance of ships in the offing, cannot fail to incline intelligent sailors to a belief in the globular figure of the earth. 20110823: 1984L 45% 169p Highlight|without breaking bulk. 20110823: 2020L 46% 172p Highlight| command of Magellan, an expedition of five ships, carrying two hundred and thirty- seven men, was dispatched from Seville, August 10, 1519. 20110823: 2032L 46% 173p Highlight| September 7, 1522, after a voyage of more than three years, he brought his ship, the San Vittoria, to anchor in the port of St. Lucar, near Seville. She had accomplished the greatest achievement in the history of the human race. She had circumnavigated the earth. 20110823: 2034L 46% 173p Highlight| Henceforth the theological doctrine of the flatness of the earth was irretrievably overthrown. 20110823: 2051L 47% 174p Highlight| To settle this, the French Government, aided by the Academy, sent out two expeditions to measure degrees of the meridian--one under the equator, the other as far north as possible; the former went to Peru, the latter to Swedish Lapland. 20110823: 2088L 47% 177p Highlight| he succeeded in making one that. could magnify thirty times. 20110123: 2091L 48% 178p Highlight| January 7, 1610, he perceived three small stars in a straight line, adjacent to the planet Jupiter, and, a few evenings later, a fourth. 20110823: 2093L 48% 178p Highlight| presented a miniature representation of the Copernican system. 20110823: 2095L 48% 178p Highlight| must surely have been some other motive than that of illuminating the nights for him. 20110823: 2107L 48% 179p Highlight| Galileo was accused of imposture, heresy, blasphemy, atheism. With a view of defending himself, he addressed a letter to the Abbe Castelli, suggesting that the Scriptures were never intended to be a scientific authority, but only a moral guide. 20110823: 2112L 48% 179p Highlight| Knowing well that Truth has no need of martyrs, be assented to the required recantation, and gave the promise demanded. 20110823: 2113L 48% 179p Highlight| But in 1632 Galileo ventured on the publication of his work entitled "The System of the World," 20110823: 2113L 48% 179p Highlight| But in 1632 Galileo ventured on the publication of his work entitled "The System of the World," 20110823: 2119L 48% 180p Highlight| The opinions thus defended by the Inquisition are now objects of derision to the whole civilized world. 20110823: 2146L 49% 182p Highlight| therefore be admitted that the distance of the earth from the sun is somewhat less than ninety-two million miles. 20110823: 2161L 49% 184p Highlight| The parallax of a star is the angle contained between two lines drawn from it--one to the sun, the other to the earth. 20110823: 2180L 49% 185p Highlight| Worlds are scattered like dust in the abysses in space. 20110823: 2181L 49% 185p Highlight| Does not their enormous size demonstrate that, as they are centres of force, so they must be centres of motion-- suns for other systems of worlds? 20110823: 2202L 50% 187p Highlight| His meditations on these subjects had brought him to the conclusion that the views of Averroes are not far from the truth--that there is an Intellect which animates the universe, 20110823: 2207L 50% 187p Highlight| Averroes and Spinoza. The latter held that God and the Universe are the same, 20110823: 2210L 50% 188p Highlight| Inquisition, accused not only of being a heretic, but also a heresiarch, who had written things unseemly concerning religion; 20110223: 2215L 50% 188p Highlight| "Perhaps it is with greater fear that you pass the sentence upon me than I receive it." The sentence was carried into effect, and he was burnt at Rome, February 16th, A.D. 1600. 20110823: 2225L 51% 189p Highlight| strong suspicions of heresy, since he has said that there are other worlds than ours. 20110824: 2263L 51% 192p Highlight| there were not less than one hundred and thirty-two different opinions as to the year in which the Messiah appeared, 20110825: 2603L 59% 221p Highlight| German Reformation assumed a political organization at Smalcalde. 20110825: 2639L 60% 224p Highlight| In 1559, Pope Paul IV. instituted the Congregation of the Index Expurgatorius. "Its duty is to examine books and manuscripts intended for publication, and to decide whether the people may be permitted to read them; to correct those books of which the errors are not numerous, and which contain certain useful and salutary truths, so as to bring them into harmony with the doctrines of the Church; to condemn those of which the principles are heretical and pernicious; and to grant the peculiar privilege of perusing heretical books to certain persons. 20110825: 2652L 60% 225p Highlight| raising a theological odium against an offender, to put him under a social ban--a course perhaps not less effectual than the other. 20110825: 2657L 60% 226p Highlight| In all countries the political power of the Church had greatly declined; her leading men perceived that the cloudy foundation on which she had stood was dissolving away. Repressive measures against her antagonists, in old times resorted to with effect, could be no longer advantageously employed. To her interests the burning of a philosopher here and there did more harm than good. 20110825: 2661L 60% 226p Highlight| Leibnitz affirmed, in the face of Europe, that "Newton had robbed the Deity of some of his most excellent attributes, and had sapped the foundation of natural religion." 20110825: 2662L 60% 226p Highlight| From the time of Newton to our own time, the divergence of science from the dogmas of the Church has continually increased. 20110825: 2668L 61% 227p Highlight| Many good and well-meaning men have attempted to reconcile the statements of Genesis with the discoveries of science, but it is in vain. The divergence has increased so much, that it has become an absolute opposition. One of the antagonists must give way. 20110825: 2692L 61% 229p Highlight| the whole Pentateuch is unhistoric and non-Mosaic; it contains the most extraordinary contradictions and impossibilities, sufficient to involve the credibility of the whole--imperfections so many and so conspicuous that they would destroy the authenticity of any modern historical work. 20110825: 2724L 62% 231p Highlight| discovery that the Pentateuch is put together out of various sources, or original documents, is beyond all doubt not only one of the most important and most pregnant with consequences for the interpretation of the historical books of the Old Testament, or rather for the whole of theology and history, but it is also one of the most certain discoveries which have been made in the domain of criticism and the history of literature. 20110825: 2737L 62% 233p Highlight| It is to be regretted that the Christian Church has burdened itself with the defense of these books, and voluntarily made itself answerable for their manifest contradictions and errors. 20110825: 2739L 62% 233p Highlight| Still more, it is to be deeply regretted that the Pentateuch, a production so imperfect as to be unable to stand the touch of modern criticism, should be put forth as the arbiter of science. 20110825: 2742L 62% 233p Highlight| the Catholic has, in our own times, declared the infallibility of the pope. 20110825: 2746L 62% 233p Highlight| no need to dwell on the unphilosophical nature of this conception; it is destroyed by an examination of the political history of the papacy, and the biography of the popes. 20110825: 2750L 63% 234p Highlight| There are many who affirm that, if infallibility exists anywhere, it is in oecumenical councils, and yet such councils have not always agreed with each other. 20110825: 2752L 63% 234p Highlight| What proof can be given that infallibility exists in the Church at all? what proof is there that the Church has ever been fairly or justly represented in any council? 20110825: 2761L 63% 235p Highlight| For her the volume of inspiration is the book of Nature, of which the open scroll is ever spread forth before the eyes of every man. 20110825: 2797L 64% 238p Highlight| third law, defining the relation between the mean distances of the planets from the sun and the times of their revolutions; "the squares of the periodic times are proportional to the cubes of the distances." 20110825: 2803L 64% 238p Highlight| Index, therefore, when they denounced the Copernican system as utterly contrary to the Holy Scriptures, prohibited Kepler's "Epitome" of that system. 20110825: 2811L 64% 239p Highlight| At first he inclined to believe that the orbit of Mars is oval, nor was it until after a wearisome study that he detected the grand truth, its elliptical form. 20110825: 2815L 64% 239p Highlight| In some most important particulars Kepler anticipated Newton. He was the first to give clear ideas respecting gravity. 20110825: 2819L 64% 239p Highlight| The progress of astronomy is obviously divisible into three periods: 1. The period of observation of the apparent motions of the heavenly bodies. 2. The period of discovery of their real motions, and particularly of the laws of the planetary revolutions; this was signally illustrated by Copernicus and Kepler. 3. The period of the ascertainment of the causes of those laws. It was the epoch of Newton. 20110825: 2824L 64% 240p Highlight| Leonardo da Vinci, who was born A.D. 1452. To him, and not to Lord Bacon, must be attributed the renaissance of science. 20110825: 2827L 64% 240p Highlight| To ascribe the inductive method to him is to ignore history. His fanciful philosophical suggestions have never been of the slightest practical use. No one has ever thought of employing them. Except among English readers, his name is almost unknown. 20110825: 2844L 65% 242p Highlight| In the latter half of the seventeenth century, through the works of Borelli, Hooke, and Huyghens, it had become plain that circular motions could be accounted for by the laws of Galileo. 20110825: 2848L 65% 242p Highlight| On the principle that all bodies attract each other with forces directly as their masses, and inversely as the squares of their distances, Newton showed that all the movements of the celestial bodies may be accounted for, and that Kepler's laws might all have been predicted-- the elliptic motions--the described areas the relation of the times and distances. 20110825: 2864L 65% 243p Highlight| It was proved that the moon is retained in her orbit and made to revolve round the earth by the force of terrestrial gravity. 20110825: 2865L 65% 243p Highlight| The genii of Kepler had given place to the vortices of Descartes, and these in their turn to the central force of Newton. 20110825: 2889L 66% 245p Highlight| double stars--double not merely because they are accidentally in the same line of view, but because they are connected physically, revolving round each other. 20110825: 2894L 66% 246p Highlight| the reign of law. D'Alembert, in the Introduction to the Encyclopaedia, says: "The universe is but a single fact; it is only one great truth." 20110825: 2985L 68% 254p Highlight| In this manner is presented to our contemplation the great theory of Evolution. Every organic being has a place in a chain of events. It is not an isolated, a capricious fact, but an unavoidable phenomenon. 20110825: 2998L 68% 255p Highlight| How could it be otherwise? The hot-blooded animals could not exist in an atmosphere so laden with carbonic acid as was that of the primitive times. But the removal of that noxious ingredient from the air by the leaves of plants under the influence of sunlight, the enveloping of its carbon in the earth under the form of coal, the disengagement of its oxygen, permitted their life. 20110825: 3011L 68% 256p Highlight| Is there any evidence that the life of nations is under the control of immutable law? 20110825: 3025L 69% 257p Highlight| Is there for each of us a providential intervention as we thus pass from stage to stage of life? 20110827: 3294L 75% 280p Highlight| Up to the end of the twelfth century, the popes were the vicars of Peter; after Innocent III. they were the vicars of Christ. 20110827: 3402L 77% 289p Highlight| chief object of ecclesiastical policy was the aggrandizement of the Church, not the promotion of civilization. 20110827: 3552L 81% 302p Highlight| There were some preliminary skirmishes about indulgences and other minor matters, but very soon the real cause of dispute came plainly into view. Martin Luther refused to think as he was ordered to do by his ecclesiastical superiors at Rome; he asserted that he had an inalienable right to interpret the Bible for himself. 20110827: 3563L 81% 303p Highlight| vulgar saying among the Roman ecclesiastics that Erasmus laid the egg of the Reformation, and Luther hatched it. 20110827: 3566L 81% 303p Highlight| taught them that there was a higher power than the popes. The long and bloody wars that ensued were closed by the Peace of Westphalia; and then it was found that Central and Northern Europe had cast off the intellectual tyranny of Rome, that individualism had carried its point, and had established the right of every man to think for 20110827: 3581L 81% 304p Highlight| History teaches us only too plainly that fanaticism is stimulated by religion, and neutralized or eradicated by philosophy. 20110827: 3588L 82% 305p Highlight| The Aristotelian or Inductive philosophy, clad in the Saracenic costume that Averroes had given it, made many secret and not a few open friends. 20110827: 3590L 82% 305p Highlight| Leonardo da Vinci, who proclaimed the fundamental principle that experiment and observation are the only reliable foundations of reasoning in science, that experiment is the only trustworthy interpreter of Nature, and is essential to the ascertainment of laws. 20110827: 3602L 82% 306p Highlight| number of her devotees is indicated by the rise and rapid multiplication of learned societies. These were reproductions of the Moorish ones that had formerly existed in Granada and Cordova. 20110827: 3614L 82% 307p Highlight| The influence of science on modern civilization has been twofold: 1. Intellectual; 2. Economical. 20110827: 3617L 82% 307p Highlight| Royal Society of London, illustrate the position it took in this respect. It rejected the supernatural and miraculous as evidence in physical discussions. It abandoned sign-proof such as the Jews in old days required, and denied that a demonstration can be given through an illustration of something else, thus casting aside the logic that had been in vogue for many centuries. 20110827: 3642L 83% 309p Highlight| Authority and tradition pass for nothing. Every thing is settled by an appeal to Nature. It is assumed that the answers she gives to a practical interrogation will ever be true. 20110827: 3662L 83% 311p Highlight| To the Arabians we owe our knowledge of the rudiments of algebra; we owe to them the very name under which this branch of mathematics passes. 20110827: 3665L 83% 311p Highlight| In 1496 Paccioli published his book entitled "Arte Maggiore," or "Alghebra." In 1501, Cardan, of Milan, gave a method for the solution of cubic equations; other improvements were contributed by Scipio Ferreo, 1508, by Tartalea, by Vieta. The Germans now took up the subject. At this time the notation was in an imperfect state. 20110827: 3682L 84% 313p Highlight| Napier died in 1617. It is no exaggeration to say that this invention, by shortening the labors, doubled the life of the astronomer. 20110827: 3693L 84% 314p Highlight| When the Royal Society of London was founded, theological odium was directed against it with so much rancor that, doubtless, it would have been extinguished, had not King Charles II. given it his open and avowed support. It was accused of an intention of "destroying the established religion, of injuring the universities, and of upsetting ancient and solid learning." 20110827: 3728L 85% 317p Highlight| application of a new principle, or the invention of a new machine, was better than the acquisition of an additional slave, 20110827: 3741L 85% 318p Highlight| Chance had nothing to do with the invention of the modern steam-engine. It was the product of meditation and experiment. 20110827: 3757L 85% 319p Highlight| St. Polycarp significantly remarked, "In all these monstrous demons is seen an art hostile to God." Not until about 1680 did the chronometer begin to approach accuracy. 20110827: 3760L 85% 319p Highlight| To the invention of the chronometer must be added that of the reflecting sextant by Godfrey. This permitted astronomical observations to be made, notwithstanding the motion of a ship. 20110827: 3810L 87% 324p Highlight| The different kinds of insurance were adopted, though strenuously resisted by the clergy. They opposed fire and marine insurance, on the ground that it is a tempting of Providence. Life insurance was regarded as an act of interference with the consequences of God's will. 20110827: 3916L 89% 333p Highlight| The maxims that have been followed in the earlier and the later period produced their inevitable result. In the former that maxim was, "Ignorance is the mother of Devotion in the latter, "Knowledge is Power." 20110827: 3942L 90% 335p Highlight| principle is that all power is in the clergy, and that for laymen there is only the privilege of obedience. 20110827: 3944L 90% 335p Highlight| Church asserts that the divine commission under which it acts comprises civil government; that it has a right to use the state for its own purposes, but that the state has no right to intermeddle with it; 20110827: 3952L 90% 336p Highlight| Unembarrassed by any hesitating sentiment, the papacy has contemplated the coming intellectual crisis. It has pronounced its decision, and occupied what seems to it to be the most advantageous ground. 20110827: 4067L 93% 346p Highlight| It is plainly impossible for men to live under two governments, one of which declares to be wrong what the other commands. 20110827: 4078L 93% 346p Highlight| that the Church alone has a right to fix the limits between its domain and that of the state--a dangerous and inadmissible 20110827: 4101L 93% 348p Highlight| wishes to be the leader of Europe, on the other she clings to a dead past. For 20110827: 4107L 93% 349p Highlight| In America the temporal and the spiritual have been absolutely divorced--the 20110827: 4141L 94% 352p Highlight| "OF GOD, THE CREATOR OF ALL THINGS.--The Holy Catholic Apostolic Roman Church believes that there is one true and living God, Creator and Lord of Heaven and Earth, Almighty, Eternal, Immense, Incomprehensible, Infinite in understanding and will, and in all perfection. He is distinct from the world. 20110827: 4155L 94% 353p Highlight| God willed to join miracles and prophecies, which, showing forth his omnipotence and knowledge, are proofs suited to the understanding of all. 20110827: 4166L 95% 354p Highlight| the one we know by natural reason, in the other by divine faith; 20110827: 4255L 97% 362p Highlight| Wiclif: "God forceth not a man to believe that which he cannot understand." 20110827: 4258L 97% 362p Highlight| One of the most striking and vet contradictory features of the Dogmatic Constitution is, the reluctant homage it pays to the intelligence of man. 20110827: 4293L 98% 365p Highlight| doctrines of Evolution and Development, bluntly insisting that the Church believes in distinct creative acts. The doctrine that every living form is derived from some preceding form is scientifically in a much more advanced position than that concerning Force, and probably may he considered as established, whatever may become of the additions with which it has recently been overlaid. 20110827: 4300L 98% 365p Highlight| Gregory XVI. denounced freedom of conscience as an insane folly, and the freedom of the press a pestilent error, which cannot be sufficiently detested. 20110827: 4348L 99% 369p Highlight| Then has it in truth come to this, that Roman Christianity and Science are recognized by their respective adherents as being absolutely incompatible; they cannot exist together; one must yield to the other; mankind must make its choice--it cannot have both. 20110827: 4397L 100% 374p Highlight| Faith must render an account of herself to Reason. Mysteries must give place to facts. 20110827: 4398L 100% 374p Highlight| There must be absolute freedom for thought. 20110827: 4398L 100% 374p Highlight| The ecclesiastic must learn to keep himself within the domain he has chosen, and cease to tyrannize over the philosopher, who, conscious of his own strength and the purity of his motives, will bear such interference no longer. 20110827: 4401L 100% 374p Highlight| "As for Truth it endureth and is always strong; it liveth and conquereth for evermore." ajk,Draper,Religion and Science,1,4402,374,rel,eng,3# (44L=%, 12L=p, 374 pages) ajk,Eugenides,Marriage Plot,2,7807,416,fic,eng,# The Marriage Plot: A Novel (Jeffrey Eugenides) 20120414: 56L 1% 3p Highlight| knew who was ringing the buzzer. It was her parents. 20120414: 58L 1% 3p Highlight| New Jersey to see her graduate, that what they were here to celebrate today wasn’t only her achievement but their own as parents, had nothing wrong or unexpected about it. The problem was that Madeleine, for the first time in her life, wanted no part of it. She wasn’t proud of herself. She was in no mood to celebrate. 20120414: 160L 2% 8p Highlight| the tennis court. Alton had been club champion in his age group for twelve years running, one of those older guys with a sweatband ringing a balding crown, a choppy forehand, and absolute murder in his eyes. Madeleine had been trying to beat Alton her entire life without success. 20120414: 170L 2% 9p Highlight| Madeleine had thought her mother pretty, but that was a long time ago. Phyllida’s face had gotten heavier over the years; her cheeks were beginning to sag like those of a camel. 20120414: 181L 2% 10p Highlight| The café had just opened. The guy behind the counter, who was wearing Elvis Costello glasses, was rinsing out the espresso machine. 20120414: 195L 2% 10p Highlight| “According to this article,” Alton said, reading the Voice, “homosexuality didn’t exist until the nineteenth century. It was invented. In Germany.” 20120414: 205L 3% 11p Highlight| weren’t planning on living together, because they’d broken up three weeks ago; 20120414: 218L 3% 12p Highlight| “Of course we can, sweetheart. That’s the last I’ll say about it. If your plans change, you can always come home. Your father and I would love to have you.” 20120414: 277L 4% 15p Highlight| Mitchell was the kind of smart, sane, parent-pleasing boy she should fall in love with and marry. That she would never fall in love with Mitchell and marry him, precisely because of this eligibility, 20120414: 288L 4% 15p Highlight| going to backpack through Europe. After they’d seen everything in Europe there was to see, they were going to fly to India and stay there as long as their money held out. 20120414: 313L 4% 17p Highlight| finally got up to the Dalai Lama, I asked him, ‘Are you any relation to Dolly Parton?’” 20120414: 324L 4% 17p Highlight| “Congratulations, Mitchell,” Phyllida said. “So nice to see you. And remember, when you’re on your Grand Tour, be sure to send your mother loads of letters. Otherwise, she’ll be frantic.” 20120414: 335L 4% 18p Highlight| pitiful voice, “I’m homeless. I’m graduating from college and I’m a homeless person.” “Yeah, sure.” 20120414: 355L 5% 19p Highlight| we’re talking again. We’re friends when you want to be friends, and we’re never more than friends because you don’t want to be. And I have to go along with that.” 20120414: 367L 5% 19p Highlight| Madeleine’s love troubles had begun at a time when the French theory she was reading deconstructed the very notion of love. 20120414: 371L 5% 20p Highlight| Zipperstein taught two courses in the newly created Program in Semiotics Studies: Introduction to Semiotic Theory in the fall and, in the spring, Semiotics 20120414: 378L 5% 20p Highlight| been spiritually vetted and were now—for two hours on Thursday afternoons, at least—part of a campus lit-crit elite. Which was exactly what Madeleine wanted. She’d become an English major for the purest and dullest of reasons: because she loved to read. 20120414: 400L 5% 21p Highlight| people were pursuing university degrees doing something no different from what they’d done in first grade: reading stories. English was what people who didn’t know what to major in majored in. 20120414: 402L 5% 21p Highlight| Her junior year, Madeleine had taken an honors seminar called The Marriage Plot: Selected Novels of Austen, Eliot, and James. 20120414: 403L 5% 21p Highlight| Saunders was a seventy-nine-year-old New Englander. He had a long, horsey face and a moist laugh that exposed his gaudy dental work. His pedagogical method consisted of his reading aloud lectures he’d written twenty or thirty years earlier. 20120414: 405L 5% 21p Highlight| Madeleine stayed in the class because she felt sorry for Professor Saunders and because the reading list was so good. In Saunders’s opinion, the novel had reached its apogee with the marriage plot and had never recovered from its disappearance. 20120414: 410L 5% 22p Highlight| As far as Saunders was concerned, marriage didn’t mean much anymore, and neither did the novel. Where could you find the marriage plot nowadays? You couldn’t. You 20120414: 415L 5% 22p Highlight| Professor Saunders specialized in the periods she was interested in, the Regency leading into the Victorian era. He was sweet, and learned, and it was clear from his unsubscribed office hours that no one else wanted him as an advisor, and so Madeleine had said yes, she would love to work with him on her senior thesis. 20120414: 430L 6% 23p Highlight| Professor Saunders suggested that Madeleine look at historical sources. She’d obediently boned up on the rise of industrialism and the nuclear family, the formation of the middle class, and the Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857. 20120414: 440L 6% 23p Highlight| after this exchange with Whitney, Madeleine began hearing people saying “Derrida.” She heard them saying “Lyotard” and “Foucault” and “Deleuze” and “Baudrillard.” That most of these people were those she instinctually disapproved of—upper-middle-class kids who 20120414: 465L 6% 25p Highlight| You could flee K. McCall Saunders and the old New Criticism. You could defect to the new imperium of Derrida and Eco. You could sign up for Semiotics 211 and find out what everyone else was talking about. 20120422: 470L 6% 25p Highlight| A few had razored off the necks or sleeves of their T-shirts. There was something creepy about one guy’s face—it was like a baby’s face that had grown whiskers—and it took Madeleine a full minute to realize that he’d shaved off his eyebrows. Everyone in the room was so spectral-looking that Madeleine’s natural healthiness seemed suspect, like a vote for Reagan. 20120422: 483L 6% 26p Highlight| of chewing tobacco. With two stained fingers, he placed a wad of tobacco in his cheek. For the next two hours, every minute or so, he spat, discreetly but audibly, into the cup. 20120422: 529L 7% 28p Highlight| thought experiment here,” Leonard said. “Say my mother killed herself. And say I wrote a book about it. Why would I want to do something like that?” He closed his eyes and leaned his head back. “First, I’d do it to cope with my grief. Second, maybe to paint a portrait of my mother. To keep her alive in my memory.” 20120422: 538L 7% 29p Highlight| Books aren’t about ‘real life.’ Books are about other books.” 20120422: 564L 7% 30p Highlight| Tim seemed to be the only person at Brown more lost than Madeleine. 20120422: 572L 7% 30p Highlight| “Am I not getting asked out because I’m fat,” the chipmunk said, “or am I fat because I’m not getting asked out?” 20120422: 575L 7% 31p Highlight| fifty-seven grapefruits she subsisted on until New Year’s. Dieting 20120422: 577L 7% 31p Highlight| bearded like therapists, warming brandy snifters over candles while listening to Coltrane’s A Love Supreme. 20120422: 583L 7% 31p Highlight| Sex with Billy was cozy, it was snuggly, it was perfectly fine. 20120422: 585L 7% 31p Highlight| One thing he did talk about, however, with increasing intensity, was circumcision. 20120422: 589L 7% 31p Highlight| Madeleine listened, trying to look sympathetic, and hoped Billy would drop the subject. But as the weeks passed he kept returning to it. “The doctors just do it automatically in this country,” he said. 20120422: 610L 8% 32p Highlight| Maddy’s next boyfriend wasn’t strictly her fault. She would never have met Dabney Carlisle if she hadn’t taken an acting class, and she would never have taken an acting class if it hadn’t been for her mother. 20120422: 618L 8% 33p Highlight| It was on the train back to New York, the next Christmas, that she’d met the straight-backed lieutenant colonel, recently returned from Berlin. Phyllida never went back to L.A. She got married instead. “And had you two,” she told her daughters. Phyllida’s inability to realize her dreams had given Madeleine her own. 20120422: 628L 8% 33p Highlight| What mattered was that this tennis match was on national television, during prime time, billed for weeks as “The Battle of the Sexes,” and that the woman was winning. 20120422: 643L 8% 34p Highlight| Dabney she wished it had been curling, she longed for it to be the model UN, anything but male modeling. This, anyway, was the authentic emotion she now identified herself as having felt. 20120422: 648L 8% 34p Highlight| She even went so far as to admire Dabney for his courage in allowing himself to be photographed in snug little gray underpants. 20120422: 653L 8% 35p Highlight| The vestiges of the previous evening’s “Hawaiian Night” were still there to see—the lei hanging from the antlers of the moose head on the wall, the plastic “grass” skirt trampled on the beer-sodden floor, 20120422: 656L 8% 35p Highlight| Sigma Chi members were watching TV. At Madeleine’s appearance, they stirred, rising out of the gloom like openmouthed carp. 20120422: 671L 9% 36p Highlight| Acting opposite Dabney made Madeleine more stiff and nervous than she already was. She wanted to do scenes with the talented kids in the workshop. She suggested interesting bits from The Vietnamization of New Jersey and Mamet’s Sexual Perversity in Chicago, but got no takers. 20120422: 674L 9% 36p Highlight| Dabney didn’t let it bother him. “Bunch of little shits in that class,” he said. “They’ll never get any print work, much less movies.” 20120422: 683L 9% 36p Highlight| she was in love with him. Madeleine required emotion, apparently. She disapproved of the idea of meaningless, extremely satisfying sex. 20120422: 686L 9% 36p Highlight| Instead of thinking he was poorly read, she called him intuitive. 20120422: 690L 9% 37p Highlight| Dabney wasn’t so beautiful. Among the truly beautiful he was only so-so. He couldn’t even smile right. 20120422: 695L 9% 37p Highlight| “You have a good feel for language, for Shakespeare especially. But your voice is reedy and you look worried onstage. Your forehead has a perpetual crease. 20120422: 698L 9% 37p Highlight| If you’re playing Eleanor Roosevelt. Or Golda Meir. But those parts don’t come around very often.” 20120422: 703L 9% 37p Highlight| When Dabney returned from his review with Churchill, he looked even more self-contented than usual. “So?” Madeleine asked. “How did it go?” “He says I’m perfect for soaps.” 20120422: 721L 9% 38p Highlight| “I’m not tearing down your crit. I’m just not sure you got Churchill’s meaning, exactly.” Dabney let out a bitter laugh. “I wouldn’t get it right, would I? I’m too dumb. I’m just some dumb jock you have to write English papers for.” 20120422: 728L 9% 39p Highlight| And now you have to come in here and run me down. You know what? This is bullshit. This is total bullshit. I’m sick of your condescension and your superiority complex. And Churchill’s right. You can’t act.” In the end Madeleine had to admit that Dabney was far more fluent than she’d ever expected. 20120422: 734L 9% 39p Highlight| For once she was glad to have such sociable parents. With all the cocktail parties and convivial dinners on Wilson Lane there was little time to dwell on herself. 20120422: 743L 9% 39p Highlight| She arrived back at college for her senior year, then, intent on being studious, career-oriented, and aggressively celibate. 20120422: 762L 10% 41p Highlight| she plunged into a hair salon, where, on a whim, she allowed a butch woman with a short, rat-tailed haircut to go to work on her. “Cut it close on the sides, higher on top,” Madeleine said. “You sure?” 20120422: 771L 10% 41p Highlight| But then, during spring semester, she met Leonard Bankhead and her resolve went out the window. 20120422: 790L 10% 42p Highlight| time you’re fifty, you’ve lived around twenty thousand days. So a day when you’re five seems longer because it’s a greater percentage of the whole.” “Yeah, sure,” the girl teased, “that follows.” 20120422: 820L 11% 44p Highlight| What Derrida’s saying is that you have to use reason because, you know, reason is all there is. But at the same time you have to be aware that language is by its very nature unreasonable. You have to reason yourself out of reasonableness.” 20120422: 828L 11% 44p Highlight| Every genius needs an explainer. That’s what Culler is for Derrida.” 20120422: 841L 11% 45p Highlight| He used the word phallus three times today.” Leonard smiled. “Figures if he says it it’ll be like having one.” “He drives me crazy.” “You want to get some coffee?” “And fascist. That’s another of his favorites. You know the dry cleaners on Thayer Street? He called them fascist.” 20120422: 873L 11% 46p Highlight| “So why are you taking Zipperstein’s class?” she asked. “Philosophical interest,” Leonard said. “Literally. Philosophy’s all about theory of language right now. It’s all linguistics. So I figured I’d check it out.” 20120422: 880L 11% 47p Highlight|blue bandanna, 20120422: 907L 12% 48p Highlight| The days dragged until the next meeting of Sem 211. Madeleine arrived early, choosing a seat at the seminar table next to Leonard’s usual spot. But when he showed up, ten minutes late, he took an available chair next to the professor. He didn’t say anything in class or glance in Madeleine’s direction even once. 20120422: 928L 12% 49p Highlight| For the second week in a row, Leonard didn’t show up. Madeleine worried that he’d dropped the class, but it was too late in the semester to do that. Zipperstein said, “Has anybody seen Mr. Bankhead? Is he sick?” Nobody knew. 20120422: 937L 12% 50p Highlight| the thing about desire is that there is no there there.” 20120428: 961L 12% 51p Highlight| Madeleine was in a state of extreme solitude. It had to do with Leonard. With how she felt about him and how she couldn’t tell anyone. 20120428: 965L 12% 51p Highlight| Abby knew Leonard from her freshman year. “What was he like?” Madeleine asked. “Sort of intense. Really smart, but intense. 20120428: 972L 12% 52p Highlight| “Who was he going out with?” “Some girl named Mindy. But then they broke up. That’s when he really started calling me. He’d call like six times a day. 20120428: 1009L 13% 54p Highlight| “What does your father do?” Leonard asked. Caught off guard, Madeleine hesitated. “He used to work at a college,” she said. “He’s retired.” “What was he? Professor?” 20120428: 1021L 13% 54p Highlight| “I’ve never seen a Fellini film.” “You should see one,” Leonard said. “I’ll call you.” “All right.” 20120428: 1087L 14% 58p Highlight| “If we’re going to stay the night,” Alton repeated, “I’d like to make reservations soon.” “Call me later. Let me think about it. Call me Sunday.” 20120428: 1091L 14% 58p Highlight| “You don’t have to call me Daddy.” “Oh, God. Leonard? Sorry! I thought you were my father. He’s freaking out about graduation plans already.” 20120428: 1100L 14% 59p Highlight| Leonard did sound a little nervous. That wasn’t good. Madeleine didn’t like nervous guys. Nervous guys were nervous for a reason. 20120428: 1107L 14% 59p Highlight| “Listen, would you like to go to the movies with me?” She didn’t answer right away. He deserved a little punishment. And so she put the screws to him—for another three seconds. 20120428: 1116L 14% 59p Highlight| European moments: when the huge-titted woman stuffed her huge tit into the young hero’s mouth; or when the old man up in the tree cried out, “I want a woman!” Fellini’s theme 20120428: 1126L 14% 60p Highlight| “My goal in life is to become an adjective,” Leonard said. “People would go around saying, ‘That was so Bankheadian.’ Or, ‘A little too Bankheadian for my taste.’” 20120428: 1145L 15% 61p Highlight| “I’m taking you to my place,” he said. “What?” “All this time we’ve been walking? I’ve been leading you back to my place. This is how I do it, apparently. It’s shameful. Shameful. I don’t want it to be like that. Not with you. So I’m telling you.” 20120428: 1157L 15% 62p Highlight| “Maybe I’ll come up just for a minute,” Madeleine said. 20120428: 1169L 15% 62p Highlight| Leonard’s place after watching Amarcord and started fooling around, when Madeleine found that instead of being turned off by physical stuff, the way she often was with boys, instead of putting up with that or trying to overlook it, she’d spent the entire night worrying that she was turning Leonard off, worrying that her body wasn’t good enough, or that her breath was bad from the Caesar salad she’d unwisely ordered at dinner; worrying, too, about having suggested they order martinis because of the way Leonard had sarcastically said, “Sure. Martinis. 20120428: 1175L 15% 63p Highlight| had immediately fallen asleep, leaving her to lie awake stroking his head and vaguely hoping she didn’t get a urinary tract infection, Madeleine asked herself if the fact that she’d just spent the whole night worrying wasn’t, in fact, a surefire sign that she was falling in love. 20120428: 1180L 15% 63p Highlight| hear him pee with taurine force into the toilet bowl, certainly, by the end of those three days, Madeleine knew she was in love. 20120428: 1199L 15% 64p Highlight| didn’t do anything. She came to his apartment and they lay down on the mattress and Leonard asked her how she was doing, really wanting to know. What did they do? She talked; he listened; then he talked and she listened. She’d never met anyone, and certainly not a guy, who was so receptive, who took everything in. 20120428: 1205L 15% 64p Highlight| Going out with Leonard was like having a heavy all the time. Whenever she was with him, Leonard gave her his full attention. 20120428: 1239L 16% 66p Highlight| “So what? It’s embarrassing!” Madeleine said. “O.K.? I find it embarrassing.” Leonard stared at her without expression and said, “Do you mind when I take a dump?” “Do we have to talk about this? It’s sort of 20120428: 1325L 17% 71p Highlight| was now steady. Roomy parental vehicles (Cadillacs and S-Class Mercedeses, along with the occasional Chrysler New Yorker or Pontiac Bonneville) were making their way from the downtown hotels up College Hill for the ceremony. At the wheel of each car was a father, solid-looking and determined 20120428: 1333L 17% 71p Highlight| as far as Mitchell was concerned, the gray skies and unseasonably cool temperatures were fine with him. He was glad Campus Dance had gotten rained out. He was glad the sun wasn’t shining. The sense of bad luck that hung over everything accorded perfectly with his mood. 20120428: 1388L 18% 74p Highlight| Madeleine wasn’t startled. She was probably used to strange guys trying to talk to her. “I’ll tell you, but you’ll think I’m weird.” “No, I won’t,” Mitchell said. 20120428: 1398L 18% 74p Highlight| In the laundry room, Madeleine began pulling her damp underthings out of a coin-operated washer. For Mitchell, this was titillating enough. But in the next second, something unforgettable occurred. As Madeleine reached into the washer, the knot at her shoulder loosened and the bedsheet fell away. 20120428: 1405L 18% 75p Highlight| he’d been standing and how Madeleine had stooped forward, tucking a strand of hair behind her ear, as the sheet slipped and, for a few exhilarating moments, her pale, quiet, Episcopalian breast exposed itself to his sight. 20120428: 1409L 18% 75p Highlight| worn a toga to the party and that even if she had—and she wasn’t saying that she had—it had never slipped off. Neither on that night, nor on any of the thousand nights since, had he ever seen her naked breast. 20120428: 1452L 19% 77p Highlight| The trip took five hours. Mitchell wouldn’t have minded if it had taken five days. 20120428: 1474L 19% 78p Highlight| When Mitchell glanced at Madeleine, she was smiling at him. And that was when it had happened. Madeleine was wearing a bathrobe. She had her glasses on. She was looking both homey and sexy, completely out of his league and, at the 20120428: 1477L 19% 79p Highlight| “I’m going to marry this girl!” The knowledge went through him like electricity, a feeling of destiny. 20120428: 1525L 19% 81p Highlight| almost a year from the time he’d gone to Prettybrook, Mitchell saw Madeleine crossing campus in the purple twilight. She was with a curly-headed blond guy named Billy Bainbridge, whom Mitchell knew from his freshman hall. 20120504: 1538L 20% 82p Highlight| She expected Leonard to call. She fantasized about him appearing at her front door, asking her to come back. 20120504: 1544L 20% 82p Highlight| Love had made her intolerable. It had made her heavy. Sprawled on her bed, keeping her shoes from touching the sheets 20120504: 1547L 20% 82p Highlight| Before storming out of Leonard’s apartment that day—and while he lay in lordly nakedness on the bed, calmly repeating her name with the suggestion that she was overreacting—Madeleine 20120504: 1554L 20% 83p Highlight| So, after gathering up her bag, Madeleine in one fluid motion had snatched up the Barthes as well, not daring to check if Leonard had noticed. Five seconds later she’d slammed the door behind her. 20120504: 1556L 20% 83p Highlight| She was glad she’d taken the book. Now, in her morose condition, the elegant prose of Roland Barthes was her one consolation. 20120504: 1561L 20% 83p Highlight| Since breaking up with Leonard, Madeleine had been crying more or less all the time. She cried herself to sleep at night. She cried in the morning, brushing her teeth. She tried very hard not to cry in front of her roommates and for the most part succeeded. 20120504: 1567L 20% 83p Highlight| The more of A Lover’s Discourse she read, the more in love she felt. 20120504: 1569L 20% 84p Highlight| a book about being in love that contained the word love in just about every sentence. 20120504: 1577L 20% 84p Highlight| Finally, when she forced herself to go and empty her overstuffed mailbox, there was still no letter from Yale. 20120504: 1579L 20% 84p Highlight| enrollment form and the name of the Chinese province, Shandong, where she would be teaching. There was also an information packet containing various bold-faced sentences that leapt out at her: 20120504: 1586L 20% 84p Highlight| Two days later, she received a rejection letter through campus mail from the Melvin and Hetty Greenberg Foundation informing her that she would not be receiving the Greenberg fellowship to study Hebrew in Jerusalem. 20120504: 1592L 20% 85p Highlight| his invitation to live together made her blissful, and this, in turn, had played a strong part in Madeleine’s avowal of love a few days later. And 20120504: 1595L 20% 85p Highlight| Somehow, she turned in her honors thesis. She handed in her final paper for Semiotics 211 but failed to pick it up after the exam period to see Zipperstein’s comments and her grade. 20120504: 1607L 21% 86p Highlight| Abby came quickly forward and snatched the Roland Barthes away. “We’re confiscating this,” she said. 20120504: 1618L 21% 86p Highlight| “We’re graduating tomorrow!” Olivia pleaded. “This is our last night at college. You can’t stay in your room!” 20120504: 1624L 21% 86p Highlight| “Give me the book,” Madeleine said. “Only if you come.” “O.K.!” Madeleine relented. “I’ll come.” 20120504: 1627L 21% 87p Highlight| “What if Leonard’s there?” she asked. “He won’t be,” Abby said. 20120504: 1636L 21% 87p Highlight| “You guys go first,” Madeleine said. “Tell me if you see Leonard.” Abby looked annoyed. “I told you, he won’t be here.” 20120504: 1639L 21% 87p Highlight| Leonard’s not exactly normal. He’s weird.” “He is not,” Madeleine objected. 20120504: 1659L 21% 88p Highlight| domestic beer. I brought imported.” Olivia rose to full Scandinavian height to cast him a withering look. “As if we even wanted beer,” she said. 20120504: 1686L 22% 90p Highlight| The sucking hole at her center grew larger. Quickly, she climbed the front stairs, finding the bathroom and locking the door behind her. For the next five minutes, Madeleine cried over the sink 20120504: 1713L 22% 91p Highlight| was, and violently flung it off the balcony. It made a thud in the damp grass. “I guess you don’t like Vanity Fair,” Madeleine said. 20120504: 1725L 22% 92p Highlight| “That’s what my paper’s on!” Madeleine cried. “I deconstructed Barthes’ deconstruction of love.” Thurston kept nodding. “I’d like to read it.” 20120504: 1733L 22% 92p Highlight| Madeleine found herself, unexpectedly, liking Thurston. 20120504: 1767L 23% 94p Highlight| Being with Thurston wasn’t at all like being with Leonard. Being with Thurston was like being with her family. It was like being with Alton, so punctilious about his snifters, superstitious about drinking grape after grain. 20120504: 1775L 23% 94p Highlight| necessary to play “Mack the Knife” and “I Heard It Through the Grapevine” and “Smoke on the Water” and to dance together among the tables in the otherwise empty bar. 20120504: 1778L 23% 95p Highlight| pockets of his leather jacket, and they drank them as they walked back up College Hill to Thurston’s place. Madeleine’s 20120504: 1781L 23% 95p Highlight| She entered his room without having registered the stairs that led to it. Once there, however, Madeleine was clear about the protocol, and began taking off her clothes. She lay on her back, laughingly trying to grasp her shoes, and finally kicked them off. Thurston, by contrast, was instantaneously naked except for his underwear. He lay completely still, blending into his white sheets like a chameleon. 20120504: 1799L 23% 96p Highlight| Without finishing what she’d started, Madeleine lifted her head, sat back on her heels, and began to softly weep. 20120504: 1806L 23% 96p Highlight| Madeleine’s only comfort came from knowing that she’d remained—technically—inviolate. It would have been so much worse to have the reminder of Thurston’s come inside her, trickling, leaking out. 20120504: 1829L 23% 97p Highlight| The more girls Bankhead slept with, the more girls wanted to sleep with him. Which made Mitchell uncomfortably aware of how little he knew about girls in the first place. 20120504: 1845L 24% 98p Highlight| With apparent honesty, these voices described in detail how they’d lost the will to live, how they’d become ill, bedridden, abandoned by friends and family until suddenly a “New Thought” had occurred to them, the thought of their true place in the universe, at which point all their suffering had ended. 20120504: 1865L 24% 99p Highlight| “This is a rigorous, comprehensive, analytical course in twentieth-century religious thought. Any of you who think a little something in alienation might do should think otherwise.” 20120504: 1877L 24% 100p Highlight| Twice a week they met with Richter and looked unflinchingly at the reasons why the Christian faith had, around the year 1848, expired. 20120504: 1887L 24% 100p Highlight| What Richter believed was unclear. He wasn’t a Christian apologist. 20120504: 1891L 24% 101p Highlight| There was no way to cheat. The answers to such questions couldn’t be found anywhere. No one had formulated them yet. Mitchell didn’t remember any strain in completing the exam. 20120504: 1894L 24% 101p Highlight| While he wrote, he felt, for the first time, as though he weren’t in school anymore. 20120504: 1897L 24% 101p Highlight| Everyone he knew was convinced that religion was a sham and God a fiction. 20120504: 1909L 25% 102p Highlight| All the other offices were empty. The Buddhists had left for summer vacation. The Islamicists were down in D.C., giving the State Department insight into the “frame of reference” of Abu Nidal, who had just remotely detonated a car bomb inside the French embassy in West Beirut. Only the door at the end of the hall was open, and inside it, wearing a necktie despite the sultry weather, was Richter. 20120504: 1940L 25% 103p Highlight| he’d begun to realize how ignorant he was. The world had been formed by beliefs he knew nothing about. “That was the beginning,” he said, 20120504: 1945L 25% 104p Highlight| “And Tolstoy. I realize Tolstoy got a little excessive, near the end. Rejecting Anna Karenina. But how many writers turn against their own genius? Maybe it was Tolstoy’s obsession with truth that made him so great in the first place. The fact that he was willing to give up his art was what made him a great artist.” 20120504: 1951L 25% 104p Highlight| Richter waited a moment before asking, “Your search has been purely intellectual?” “Not only,” Mitchell said. He hesitated and then confessed, “I’ve also been going to church.” 20120504: 1958L 25% 104p Highlight| “So you believe in God, Professor Richter?” In a firm tone, Richter specified, “I am a Christian religious believer.” 20120504: 1962L 25% 104p Highlight| “In class I couldn’t tell if you believed anything or not.” “That’s the way the game is played.” They sat there together, companionably sipping their iced coffees. And Richter made his offer. 20120504: 1972L 25% 105p Highlight| Now, heading back to his apartment to dress for the commencement procession, Mitchell told himself that it didn’t matter what Madeleine thought of him. He would soon be gone. 20120504: 1983L 25% 106p Highlight| They’d bought a big yellow map of India and hung it on the kitchen wall. 20120504: 1987L 25% 106p Highlight| For the first hour of the party, this resulted in everyone having a bad time. Friends came up to tell you that they’d always distrusted you, that you’d always had bad breath, et cetera. Around midnight, the downstairs neighbors, a married couple named Ted and Susan (who, Mitchell could see retrospectively, had been ridiculously costumed in terry-cloth bathrobes and fluffy slippers, Susan with curlers in her hair), burst angrily through the door, threatening to call the cops because of the loud music. Mitchell tried to calm them down. 20120504: 2001L 26% 107p Highlight| Larry, who was getting sick over the balcony, “Go on! Puke your guts out! You deserve it!”—that he would forgive Larry for turning their house and party into bad performance art. Larry was his best friend, they were going to India together, and Mitchell had no choice. 20120504: 2037L 26% 108p Highlight| He remembered a line from Meister Eckhart: “Only the hand that erases can write the true thing.” 20120512: 2050L 26% 109p Highlight| running away, she should have pointed out that Leonard was perfectly happy with her level of intelligence. 20120512: 2061L 26% 110p Highlight| She dried her eyes. From now on, she wouldn’t have to see Mitchell ever again, if she didn’t want. Or Leonard, either. 20120512: 2065L 26% 110p Highlight| She left the park, climbing a small cobblestone lane back to Benefit Street. 20120512: 2083L 27% 111p Highlight|“Leonard’s in the hospital.” 20120512: 2089L 27% 111p Highlight| “What’s the matter? Is he O.K.?” “He’s fine,” 20120512: 2095L 27% 112p Highlight| It had started with Leonard not being able to sleep. 20120512: 2104L 27% 112p Highlight| Leonard stopped taking his lithium. It wasn’t clear if Leonard had done this on purpose or just forgot. But pretty soon he was calling people on the telephone. He called everybody. He talked for fifteen minutes, or a half hour, or an hour, or two hours. 20120512: 2106L 27% 112p Highlight| He called his friends two or three times a day. Then five or six. Then ten. Then twelve. He called from his apartment. 20120512: 2123L 27% 113p Highlight| He called to ask people about their moles. Did they ever have a mole that looked suspicious? That bled or changed shape? 20120512: 2129L 27% 113p Highlight| now, in his million phone calls, he began to draw on this reserve, one call at a time, as people waited through his kvetching and tried to coax him out of his depression, and it was a long time before he exhausted his reserve of being liked and admired. 20120512: 2143L 27% 114p Highlight| “Where’s Leonard?” he kept asking, on the phone. Where was the guy who could write a twenty-page paper on Spinoza with his left hand while playing chess with his right? 20120512: 2150L 27% 114p Highlight| So gradually his friends began to make up excuses when Leonard called. They 20120512: 2156L 28% 115p Highlight| Leonard said in a quavering tone. “They’re giving me an incomplete, Ken. I’m not going to graduate.” “Who says?” “Prof. Nalbandian just called. 20120512: 2165L 28% 115p Highlight| Auerbach tried to reason with Leonard, to talk him down, but no matter what arguments he offered, Leonard remained fixed on the direness of his situation. 20120512: 2174L 28% 116p Highlight| After much coaxing, he finally persuaded Leonard to let him take him to Health Services, and the doctor there admitted Leonard for the night. The next day, they sent him to Providence Hospital, where he was now in the psychiatric ward, receiving treatment. 20120512: 2179L 28% 116p Highlight| He’s always been fine. He just needs some support right now. That’s basically why I called.” “Thanks,” Madeleine said. “I’m glad you did.” 20120512: 2182L 28% 116p Highlight| don’t know—I’m sure Leonard would like to see you.” 20120512: 2186L 28% 116p Highlight| Madeleine was now filled with purpose. Putting the receiver down firmly, she strode out her bedroom door and back into the living room. 20120512: 2188L 28% 117p Highlight| “You traitors!” Madeleine shouted. “What?” Abby said, surprised. “You knew!” Madeleine cried. “You knew Leonard was in the hospital the whole time! That’s why you said he wouldn’t be at the party.” 20120512: 2202L 28% 117p Highlight| Leonard—is—crazy. He wouldn’t leave his apartment! 20120512: 2207L 28% 118p Highlight| “We were just worried about you, Mad,” she said. “We were worried you might use this to get back with Leonard.” 20120512: 2217L 28% 118p Highlight| “Let’s go,” Abby said, turning away from Madeleine with an air of finality. “We’ve got to get up to the march.” “My nails aren’t dry,” Olivia said. 20120512: 2228L 29% 119p Highlight| She pictured Leonard barricaded in his apartment, with security officers breaking down his door, and a fearful tenderness took hold of her. 20120512: 2231L 29% 119p Highlight| Reaching Congdon Street, she picked up speed. In a few blocks she saw the crowds. Policemen had stopped traffic, and people in raincoats were filling Prospect and College Streets, 20120512: 2237L 29% 119p Highlight| Madeleine’s mailbox was on the bottom row of the 20120512: 2240L 29% 119p Highlight| It was the letter from Yale, torn, and enclosed in a plastic USPS envelope bearing a printed notice: “This article of mail was damaged en route to the recipient. 20120512: 2272L 29% 121p Highlight| Wickle gates, where parents—including Alton and Phyllida—were expectantly massed. Madeleine watched the march, waiting for a place to jump in. 20120512: 2282L 29% 122p Highlight| A minute later, she flagged down a taxi and told the driver to take her to Providence Hospital.   20120512: 2293L 29% 122p Highlight| Larry and defying the day’s solemnity in his own commonplace way. “Gaudeamus igitur,” he said, and took a drag. 20120512: 2300L 29% 122p Highlight|A lot of people had brought cameras with 20120512: 2326L 30% 124p Highlight| Mitchell took off his cap and wiped his forehead. He didn’t feel like celebrating, particularly. College had been easy. The idea that graduating was any kind of accomplishment seemed laughable to him. 20120512: 2333L 30% 124p Highlight| It surprised Mitchell that Professor Richter would take part in such silly pageantry. He could have been at home reading Heidegger, 20120512: 2339L 30% 125p Highlight| “Congratulations!” the taxi driver said. Madeleine glanced up, momentarily confused, before she remembered what she was wearing. “Thank you,” she said. 20120512: 2345L 30% 125p Highlight| hospital, right? So I thought maybe you’re planning on being a doctor.” “No, not me,” Madeleine answered nearly inaudibly, looking out the window. The driver took the message and was silent the rest of the way. 20120512: 2359L 30% 126p Highlight| before finding the front desk. The receptionist took one look at her before asking, “You here for Bankhead?” 20120512: 2380L 31% 127p Highlight| The few patients visible in their rooms—mental patients, Madeleine couldn’t help thinking—were passing time as all convalescents would, reading, dozing, staring out the window. 20120512: 2383L 31% 127p Highlight| As soon as Madeleine stepped in, the light made her wince. The brightness of the dayroom seemed itself a therapy against depression. 20120512: 2388L 31% 127p Highlight| “So, Leonard,” the guy with the glasses was saying. “You manufactured a little mental illness to get in here and get some help. And now you’re in and you’ve got some help, and you realize maybe you’re not so bad off as you thought.” 20120512: 2396L 31% 128p Highlight| Madeleine took this opportunity to come forward. Seeing her, Leonard rose from his chair. “Madeleine. Hey,” he said softly. “Thanks for coming.” 20120512: 2424L 31% 129p Highlight| by self-doubt, Madeleine recognized that she and a mentally ill person were not necessarily mutually exclusive categories. 20120512: 2427L 31% 129p Highlight| “Leonard’s concerned they’re going to keep him in here indefinitely, which I don’t think is the case.” Henry was talking again. 20120512: 2430L 31% 129p Highlight| get some help,” Henry repeated once more. “And now you feel better and you’re ready to go home.” 20120512: 2445L 31% 130p Highlight| “You’re not a doctor, though,” she said. “No,” Henry said. “But I am a psych major. Which means I’ve read a lot of Freud.” He broke into a big, awkward, flirtatious Cheshire cat grin. 20120512: 2454L 31% 131p Highlight| Henry stood up. With a slightly offended air but undiminished confidence, he said, “People don’t save other people. People save themselves.” 20120512: 2465L 31% 131p Highlight| How long have you been in here? Why didn’t you tell me? Is it true you were diagnosed three years ago? Why didn’t you tell me you were on medication? My roommates knew and I didn’t! 20120512: 2471L 32% 132p Highlight| is a state hospital.” “Meaning what?” “Meaning it’s mostly just throwing medicine at people.” “Are you taking anything?” 20120512: 2483L 32% 132p Highlight| “Why didn’t you call me?” she asked. “We broke up.” “Leonard! If I knew you were depressed, that wouldn’t have mattered.” 20120512: 2494L 32% 133p Highlight| Depression didn’t necessarily ruin a person’s looks. Only the way Leonard was moving his lips, sucking them and biting them occasionally, indicated that he was on any drugs. 20120512: 2498L 32% 133p Highlight| “After you left that day, I lay down on my bed and didn’t get up for a week. I just lay there thinking how I’d sabotaged the best chance I ever had to be happy in life. 20120512: 2519L 32% 134p Highlight| Had she known from the outset about his manic depression, his messed-up family, his shrink habit, Madeleine would never have allowed herself to get so passionately involved. But now that she was passionately involved, she found little to regret. To feel so much was its own justification. 20120512: 2532L 32% 135p Highlight| They were silent, looking at each other. Leonard leaned closer. “‘Once the first avowal has been made,’” he said, quoting Barthes from memory, “‘“I love you” has no meaning whatever.’” 20120518: 2558L 33% 136p Highlight| problem with Paris, in the present case, was that Larry’s girlfriend was doing a year abroad there and they were going to stay in her apartment. 20120518: 2566L 33% 137p Highlight|drinking the muddy espresso 20120518: 2572L 33% 137p Highlight| Larry, only fifteen at the time, had ferried champagne splits and graham crackers to the ballerina’s bedside, where Kolnoskova alternately wept, watched game shows, or coaxed him to massage her young, spectacularly deformed feet. 20120518: 2581L 33% 137p Highlight| Did the Pleshettes really eat fish for breakfast? Who was Diaghilev? What was a gouache, a pentimento, a rugelach? 20120518: 2593L 33% 138p Highlight| Every four or five years, the Pleshettes went back to France to tour the paternal war sites. In a sense, by coming to Paris now at the same age, Larry was reenacting his father’s youth, back when the Americans had marched into the city. 20120518: 2601L 33% 139p Highlight| Claire lived not far from the Eiffel Tower, however, and, later on, Mitchell would calculate that her apartment had been in the fashionable Seventh, and that it must have been expensive. 20120518: 2610L 33% 139p Highlight| door at one end opened and Claire Schwartz stepped into the frame of light. 20120518: 2630L 34% 140p Highlight| Claire wouldn’t be making coffee. If Larry and Claire were alone, they would already be having reunion sex. Under other circumstances, Mitchell would have made himself scarce. But he didn’t know anybody in Paris and had nowhere to go. 20120518: 2640L 34% 141p Highlight| Mitchell would be forced to listen to his friend getting laid five feet away. 20120518: 2654L 34% 141p Highlight| Claire’s parents were Orthodox Jews who lived by the letter of the law. 20120518: 2656L 34% 141p Highlight| to the hospital in an ambulance (Talmudic wisdom holding that a medical emergency contravened the prohibition against riding in cars on the Sabbath). Nevertheless, Mr. and Mrs. Schwartz had refused to ride along with their writhing son, setting off instead, nearly mad with worry, for the hospital on foot. 20120518: 2663L 34% 142p Highlight| “If you read any of the mystics, or any decent theology—Catholic, Protestant, kabbalistic—the one thing they all agree on is that God is beyond any human concept or category. 20120518: 2665L 34% 142p Highlight| The human mind can’t conceive what God is. God doesn’t have a sex or anything else.” 20120518: 2681L 34% 143p Highlight| if there was such a thing as God, he would even care what people are doing—is totally anthropocentric and so totally, totally male! Before 20120518: 2686L 34% 143p Highlight| “If you dislike a conception of God as masculine,” Mitchell said to Claire, “why replace it with one that’s feminine? Why not get rid of the whole idea of a gendered divinity?” 20120518: 2695L 35% 144p Highlight| “You’re not having your period right now, are you?” Mitchell said. Claire’s expressive face went blank. “I can’t believe you just said that,” she said. “I was just kidding,” Mitchell said. His face was suddenly hot. 20120518: 2702L 35% 144p Highlight| There was one bright side to the day: since it still felt like the middle of the night for Larry and Mitchell, there was no reason not to start drinking immediately. By 20120518: 2709L 35% 144p Highlight| Under the influence of the wine Mitchell began to feel happier, his jet lag in temporary remission. They walked down to the Seine, across the Louvre and the Tuileries Gardens. 20120518: 2713L 35% 144p Highlight| and put a hand to his chest. “Oh my God, poularde de Bresse! That’s what I’m making!” Back 20120519: 2735L 35% 146p Highlight| He tried to imagine what it had been like to be Hemingway, in Paris, in the 1920s. To write those clear, seemingly unadorned, yet complex sentences that would change forever the way Americans wrote prose. 20120519: 2744L 35% 146p Highlight| If he was to argue this with Claire, however, he ran the risk of being labeled a misogynist himself. 20120519: 2749L 35% 146p Highlight| Rereading Hemingway’s sentences, Mitchell recognized that they were, indeed, implicitly addressed to the male reader. 20120519: 2755L 35% 147p Highlight| “Yum,” Claire said. The chicken was scrawny by American standards, and cosmetically inferior. One leg seemed to have acne. Mitchell took a bite. “Huh?” Larry prompted. “Did I tell you or did I tell you?” “You told us,” Mitchell said. 20120519: 2766L 35% 147p Highlight| “Where’s the best place to find a hotel around here?” he asked. There was a pause before Claire said, “You can stay here.” “That’s O.K. I’ll find a hotel.” 20120519: 2778L 36% 148p Highlight| He’d foreseen a moment like this, where he would be exiled from the warm, dry sublet so that Larry could peel off Claire’s clothes and press his face between her coltish legs. 20120519: 2786L 36% 148p Highlight| He was happy to be out in the rain! It was worth it to pay for a hotel if it meant not listening to Claire spout her platitudes for one more second! How could Larry stand going out with her? How could Larry have a girlfriend like that? What was the matter with him? It 20120519: 2786L 36% 148p Highlight| He was happy to be out in the rain! It was worth it to pay for a hotel if it meant not listening to Claire spout her platitudes for one more second! How could Larry stand going out with her? How could Larry have a girlfriend like that? What was the matter with him? It was possible, of course, that some of the anger Mitchell felt at Claire was misdirected. It was possible that the female he was really mad at was Madeleine. 20120519: 2793L 36% 149p Highlight| Then, less than forty-eight hours ago, on the night before he left for Paris, Mitchell had run into Madeleine on the Lower East Side. 20120519: 2796L 36% 149p Highlight| At first, Mitchell had been worried that Madeleine was still mad at him, but even in the feeble lighting of the bombed-out bar, he could tell that wasn’t the case. She seemed genuinely pleased to see him, 20120519: 2803L 36% 149p Highlight| Now, in his disappointment, Mitchell tried to forget about Madeleine and to concentrate on the fact that the last three months had at least put money in his pocket. He’d gone back to Detroit to live rent-free. 20120519: 2853L 37% 152p Highlight| “I’m sure you are aware,” Dean said, “that India is one of the so-called ‘nonaligned’ nations. You know what that means? It means they don’t want to choose between the U.S. of A. and Russia. They think Russia and America are moral equivalents.” 20120519: 2861L 37% 152p Highlight| “What happens if you get sick?” Lillian said. “I won’t get sick.” “How do you know you won’t get sick?” “Let me ask you this,” Dean said. “How long do you expect the trip to be? Two, three months?” 20120519: 2876L 37% 153p Highlight| “That tenure’s a good deal. It’s un-American. But it’s nice work if you can get it.” 20120519: 2882L 37% 154p Highlight| He told Father Marucci pretty much what he’d told Professor Richter. But either because Father Marucci wasn’t terribly concerned about making converts or because he’d seen Mitchell’s type before, he hadn’t pressed hard. Giving Mitchell some materials to read, he’d sent him on his way, telling him to come back and talk if he wanted. 20120519: 2894L 37% 154p Highlight| twenty-two. I don’t know when I’ll get married. It might be a while. So the rule I’m worried about, mainly, is premarital sex.” “Unfortunately, you don’t get to pick and choose.” “I know that.” 20120519: 2910L 37% 155p Highlight| She was a large, disordered woman, like a child’s drawing that didn’t stay within the lines. The waiters supplied her with a steady stream of scotch and sodas. 20120519: 2926L 38% 156p Highlight| Mitchell worked seven shifts a week until he’d earned enough money to buy a plane ticket to Paris and $3,280 in American Express Travelers Cheques. Within a week he was gone, first to New York and, three days later, to Paris, where he now found himself with no place to stay, walking in the rain along Avenue Rapp. 20120519: 2930L 38% 156p Highlight| found it already occupied by another luckless backpacker, a guy in a rain poncho, water droplets falling from the tip of his long nose. “Every hotel in Paris is booked up,” the guy said. “I’ve been to every one.” “Did you ring the doorbell?” “Three times so far.” 20120519: 2953L 38% 157p Highlight| But now he had to find somewhere to keep it for the night, while sharing the room with a stranger. In addition to traveler’s checks, the pouch contained Mitchell’s passport, immunization records, five hundred francs exchanged from seventy dollars the day before, and a recently activated MasterCard. After 20120519: 2958L 38% 158p Highlight| MasterCard was like a tracking device. Only after resisting Dean’s pressure for a solid month had Mitchell given in and accepted the card, but his plan was never to use it. 20120519: 2979L 38% 159p Highlight| But then he looked behind the bed and saw the money pouch on the floor. 20120519: 2996L 38% 160p Highlight| Along with his passport and other documentation, the checks packed the fisherman’s wallet tightly, creating a noticeable bulge in his pants. If Mitchell shifted the wallet to his hip, it looked less like a codpiece but more like a colostomy bag. ajk,Eugenides,Marriage Plot,2,7807,416,fic,eng,# (78L=%, 19L=p, 416 pages) ajk,Fullerton,Introduction to Philosophy,3,4270,288,phi,eng,3# An Introduction to Philosophy (George Stuart Fullerton) 20110820: 32L 1% 2p Highlight| The same thoughts can be set forth in plain language, and their significance illustrated by a constant reference to experiences which we all have--experiences which must serve as the foundation to every theory of the mind and the world worthy of serious consideration. 20110830: 354L 8% 24p Highlight|speck 20110907: 2646L 62% 178p Highlight| Spinoza modified Descartes' doctrine in that he refused to regard mind and matter as substances at all. He made them unequivocally attributes of the one and only substance, which he called God. 20110907: 2686L 63% 181p Highlight| with Spinoza, call the one Substance God; that is, he may be a Pantheist. On the other hand, he may, with Spencer, call it the Unknowable, and be an Agnostic. Other shades of opinion are open to him, if he cares to choose them. 20110907: 2693L 63% 182p Highlight| 58. DUALISM.--The plain man finds himself in a world of physical things and of minds, and it seems to him that his experience directly testifies to the existence of both. 20110907: 2697L 63% 182p Highlight| stands out one broad distinction, that of the physical and the mental. 20110907: 2698L 63% 182p Highlight| man who has done no reading in the philosophers is scarcely tempted to obliterate; to him the world consists of two kinds of things widely different from each other; minds are not material things and material things are not minds. 20110907: 2725L 64% 184p Highlight| Pluralism, a word which is meant to cover the various doctrines which maintain that there is more than one ultimate principle or being in the universe. 20110907: 2727L 64% 184p Highlight| Empedocles (born about 490 B.C.). This thinker made earth, water, fire, and air the four material principles or "roots" of things. He was not a monist, and we can certainly not call him a dualist. 20110907: 2728L 64% 184p Highlight| Again. The term pluralism has been used to indicate the doctrine that individual finite minds are not parts or manifestations of one all-embracing Mind,--of God or the Absolute,--but are relatively independent beings. This doctrine has been urged in our own time, with eloquence and feeling, by Professor Howison.[2] Here we have a pluralism which is idealistic, for it admits in the universe but one kind of thing, minds; and yet refuses to call itself monistic. It will readily be seen that in this paragraph and in the one preceding the word is used in different senses. I have added the above sentences to this chapter that the reader may have an explanation of the meaning of a word sometimes met with. But the title of the chapter is "Monism and Dualism," and it is of this contrast that it is especially important to grasp the significance. [1] "Outlines of Psychology," pp. 64-65, English translation, 1891. [2] "The Limits of Evolution, and Other Essays," revised edition. New York, 1905. CHAPTER XV 20110907: 2760L 65% 186p Highlight| Thus, he proves the existence of God by the following argument:-- I exist, and I find in me the idea of God; of this idea I cannot be the author, for it represents something much greater than I, and its cause must be as great as the reality it represents. In other words, nothing less than God can be the cause of the idea of God which I find in me, and, hence, I may infer that God exists. 20110907: 2777L 65% 187p Highlight| Locke, in his "Essay concerning Human Understanding," undertakes "to inquire into the original, certainty, and extent of human knowledge, together with the grounds and degrees of belief, opinion, and assent." 20110907: 2782L 65% 188p Highlight| The first book of the "Essay" is devoted to the proof that there are in the mind of man no "innate ideas" and no "innate principles." That is to say, Locke tries to show that one must not seek, in the "natural light" to which Descartes turned, a distinct and independent source of information, 20110507: 2813L 66% 190p Highlight| Hume seemed to have shown, empiricism must run out into skepticism. If all our knowledge has its foundations in experience, how can we expect to find in our possession any universal or necessary truths? May not a later experience contradict an earlier? How can we be sure that what has been will be? Can we know that there is anything fixed and certain in our world? 20110908: 3210L 75% 216p Highlight| How, then, does metaphysics differ from philosophy? The difference becomes clear to us when we realize that the word philosophy has a broader and looser signification, and that metaphysics is, so to speak, the core, the citadel, of philosophy. 20110909: 3625L 85% 244p Highlight| That the prevailing architecture of a town is ugly can scarcely impress one who is acquainted with no other town. 20110909: 3675L 86% 248p Highlight| Truth is truth, whether it be scientific truth or philosophical truth. 20110909: 3682L 86% 248p Highlight| we may say that every philosophy worthy of the name is, at least, an attempt at scientific knowledge. ajk,Fullerton,Introduction to Philosophy,3,4270,288,phi,eng,3# (43L=%, 15L=p, 288 pages) ajk,Gubernatis,Alessandro Manzoni,2,3563,0,bio,ita,2# Alessandro Manzoni / Studio Biografico (comte Angelo de Gubernatis) 20120129: 600L 17% 33p Highlight|nodrito 20120129: 618L 17% 34p Highlight|prischi sommi, 20120131: 678L 19% 38p Highlight|giova 20120203: 766L 21% 42p Highlight|stragi 20120205: 1157L 32% 64p Highlight|cavata 20120205: 1323L 37% 73p Highlight|Uggiero il Danese, 20120207: 1415L 40% 79p Highlight|tosto la sposa, 20120208: 1484L 41% 82p Highlight|ciarle, 20120208: 1722L 48% 96p Highlight| pag. 249 l'Autore scrive: "Comme l'on ne peut consommer habituellement les produits de l'étranger, qu'autant qu'on peut en payer la valeur en produits indigènes, il s'ensuit évidement que la consommation des produits indigènes est de la même valeur; et ce qu'il ne faut pas perdre de vue, c'est que, sans la consommation des produits exotiques, l'équivalent en produits indigènes n'aurait pas existé. 20120208: 1728L 48% 96p Highlight| "Comme l'on ne peut consommer, habituellement ou non, les produits de l'étranger (qu'ils soient ou non d'une nature differente de celle des produits nationaux) 20120216: 2741L 77% 152p Highlight|pigliano ajk,Gubernatis,Alessandro Manzoni,2,3563,0,bio,ita,2# (36L=%, 18L=p => 198 pages) ajk,Henschke,Deutsche Literaturgeschichte,1,1254,111,his,ger,2# Deutsche Literaturgeschichte in einer Stunde Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zur Gegenwart (German Edition) (Alfred Henschke) ajk,Henschke,Deutsche Literaturgeschichte,1,1254,111,his,ger,2# (13L=%, 11L=p, 111 pages) ajk,Hugo,Han d'Islande,25,9800,364,fic,fra,3# Classic French Literature: 14 books by Victor Hugo in the original French, in a single file, improved 12/31/2010 (French Edition) (Victor Hugo) 20110928: 348L 3% 12p Highlight|civière 20110928: 378L 4% 13p Highlight|bisaiguë 20110929: 476L 5% 17p Highlight|herse, 20110929: 477L 5% 17p Highlight|donjon 20110929: 480L 5% 17p Highlight|arquebusier 20110929: 651L 6% 23p Highlight|simarre 20110929: 705L 7% 25p Highlight|l'implacable 20110929: 970L 10% 35p Highlight|hyménée, 20110930: 1202L 12% 44p Highlight|placets 20111003: 2291L 23% 84p Highlight|besace 20111003: 2615L 26% 96p Highlight|ascalins 20111005: 3777L 38% 140p Highlight|ambubaiarum 20111005: 3777L 38% 140p Highlight|ambubaiarum collegia, 20111005: 3801L 39% 141p Highlight|syndics des villes, 20111005: 4083L 41% 151p Highlight|Biord le Juste 20111005: 4103L 42% 152p Highlight|rocher courbé d'Oëlmoe. 20111005: 4104L 42% 152p Highlight|Cou-de-Vautour, 20111005: 4111L 42% 152p Highlight|Ordener, 20111005: 4111L 42% 152p Highlight|Spiagudry, 20111005: 4130L 42% 153p Highlight|halliers. 20111005: 4164L 42% 154p Highlight|poterne de Malaër, 20111005: 4165L 42% 154p Highlight|Schoenning 20111005: 4171L 42% 154p Highlight|poterne, 20111005: 4171L 42% 154p Highlight|fort de Vermund. 20111005: 4177L 43% 155p Highlight|Munckholm, 20111005: 4183L 43% 155p Highlight|professeur Schoenning 20111005: 4195L 43% 155p Highlight| sur la face où Schoenning avait découvert les caractères runiques 20111005: 4208L 43% 156p Highlight| --Écoutez, vieillard, vous pourrez vous fixer au bord de ce lac, et vous livrer à votre aise à vos importantes études, quand vous aurez reçu les mille écus royaux que vous rapportera la tête de Han.   20111005: 4217L 43% 156p Highlight| le brigand porte à sa ceinture un crâne dans lequel il a coutume de boire. 20111005: 4217L 43% 156p Highlight|crâne de son fils, 20111005: 4217L 43% 156p Highlight| crâne de son fils, dont le cadavre est celui pour la profanation duquel je suis poursuivi. 20111005: 4221L 43% 156p Highlight| --C'est de ce crâne, dit Spiagudry en se penchant à l'oreille du jeune homme, qu'il faut tâcher de vous emparer. 20111005: 4248L 43% 157p Highlight| lumière que Baldan, sire de Merneugh, prit le rideau blanc de son lit pour l'ombre de sa mère; 20111005: 4256L 43% 158p Highlight|faîte des ruines, 20111005: 4264L 43% 158p Highlight| forteresse à créneaux d'un sire chrétien; 20111005: 4280L 43% 158p Highlight| chiens de mer, [Footnote: Les chiens de mer sont redoutés des pêcheurs, parce qu'ils effraient les poissons.] 20111005: 4318L 44% 160p Highlight| Norvège qu'un seul homme dont les yeux rayonnent ainsi dans les ténèbres? 20111005: 4373L 45% 162p Highlight| --Qu'est-ce donc qui résonne ainsi dans ce havre-sac? 20111005: 4385L 45% 162p Highlight| Vous verrez le fanal de Munckholm entre les deux Escabelles de Frigge, au midi. 20111005: 4420L 45% 164p Highlight| --Cette cassette t'aura sauvé, ajouta-t-il avec un affreux sourire ironique. Spiagudry! est-ce ici le chemin de Thoctree? 20111005: 4441L 45% 164p Highlight|toit du Spladgest 20111005: 4443L 45% 165p Highlight|tour de Vygla; 20111006: 4597L 47% 170p Highlight|jarl 20111006: 4597L 47% 170p Highlight| jarl ou d'un hersa? [Footnote: Les anciens seigneurs en Norvège, avant que Griffenfeld fondât une noblesse régulière, portaient les titres de hersa (baron), ou jarl (comte). C'est de ce dernier mot qu'est formé le mot anglais earl (comte).] 20111006: 4820L 49% 179p Highlight|d'âcreté 20111007: 5099L 52% 189p Highlight|l'insurrection. 20111009: 5592L 57% 207p Highlight|farfadet 20111009: 5605L 57% 208p Highlight|nasse. 20111009: 5799L 59% 215p Highlight|de lierre et de lichen; 20111011: 6598L 67% 245p Highlight|sanhédrin. 20111012: 6750L 69% 250p Highlight|poterne 20111012: 6968L 71% 259p Highlight|gerfauts! 20111012: 7271L 74% 270p Highlight|d'osier 20111012: 7271L 74% 270p Highlight|chapeau d'osier 20111013: 7843L 80% 291p Highlight|simarre de satin 20111203: 18675L 191% 694p Highlight|badigeonné 20111203: 18699L 191% 695p Highlight|phtisique? 20111205: 19447L 199% 723p Highlight|basoche 20111205: 19679L 201% 732p Highlight|chaussetier, 20111205: 19681L 201% 732p Highlight|hobereaux de Paris, 20111206: 19952L 204% 742p Highlight|bicoquet. 20111206: 20011L 204% 744p Highlight|l'ogive, 20111206: 20210L 207% 752p Highlight|basoche, 20111206: 20213L 207% 752p Highlight|Quasimodo le Bossu. 20111206: 20216L 207% 752p Highlight|argotiers, 20111206: 20217L 207% 752p Highlight|rebec 20111207: 20316L 208% 756p Highlight|oblat 20111207: 20358L 208% 757p Highlight|ribaude!» 20111207: 20361L 208% 757p Highlight|l'espadon 20111208: 21297L 218% 792p Highlight| puînée des grandes maçonneries de l'Orient, 20111211: 22342L 228% 831p Highlight|grand Esculape, 20111212: 22813L 233% 849p Highlight|fieffés, 20111212: 22877L 234% 851p Highlight| dommages et intérêts, gehenne, prison et geôle et ceps avec dépens, 20111212: 22896L 234% 852p Highlight|sinuosités de l'interrogatoire, 20111213: 23211L 237% 863p Highlight|ménétrier. 20111213: 23211L 237% 863p Highlight|doreloterie 20111213: 23213L 237% 863p Highlight|bûches ni fagots, 20111214: 23885L 244% 888p Highlight|fadaise, 20111215: 24468L 250% 910p Highlight|bedeau, 20111215: 24472L 250% 910p Highlight|logette aux sorcelleries!» 20111215: 24495L 250% 911p Highlight|soleil cabalistique 20111215: 24513L 251% 912p Highlight|matras de charbon. 20111215: 24554L 251% 913p Highlight| ce qu'en dit Manou: «Où les femmes sont honorées, les divinités sont réjouies; où elles sont méprisées, il est inutile de prier Dieu.--La bouche d'une femme est constamment pure; c'est une eau courante, c'est un rayon de soleil.--Le nom d'une femme doit être agréable, doux, imaginaire; finir par des voyelles longues, et ressembler à des mots de bénédiction.»--... Oui, le sage a raison; en effet, la Maria, la Sophia, la Esmeral...--Damnation! toujours cette pensée!» 20111215: 24694L 252% 919p Highlight|veuves haudriettes 20111215: 24708L 252% 919p Highlight|décrétales de Gratien? 20111215: 24722L 253% 920p Highlight| retourna vers Claude avec la vive prestesse d'un hoche-queue. 20111215: 24725L 253% 920p Highlight|--_Qui non laborat non manducet._ 20111215: 24732L 253% 920p Highlight| anapeste d'Eschyles qui exprime parfaitement la douleur.» 20111216: 24932L 255% 927p Highlight|manches-mahoîtres 20111217: 25615L 262% 953p Highlight|cotrets 20111217: 25641L 262% 954p Highlight|stryge. 20111218: 26835L 274% 998p Highlight|l'auvent 20111219: 27652L 283% 1029p Highlight|padelt_, 20111219: 27652L 283% 1029p Highlight| padelt_, ce qui veut dire en turc: _Dieu est notre espérance_. 20111219: 28124L 287% 1046p Highlight|hutins!» 20111219: 28279L 289% 1052p Highlight|guivres 20111219: 28703L 293% 1068p Highlight|muid de plâtre 20111219: 28753L 294% 1070p Highlight|ménétrier, 20111220: 29285L 299% 1090p Highlight| Châteaupers à la rescousse! Prévôté! prévôté! 20111220: 29433L 301% 1095p Highlight|épithalame, 20111220: 29459L 301% 1096p Highlight|connétable de France 20111220: 30587L 313% 1138p Highlight|stryge avérée, ajk,Hugo,Han d'Islande,25,9800,364,fic,fra,3# (98L=%, 27L=p, 364 pages) ajk,Hugo,Miserables,65749,103840,1418,cla,fra,# Classic French Literature: 14 books by Victor Hugo in the original French, in a single file, improved 12/31/2010 (French Edition) (Victor Hugo) 20110928: 348L-172%-2435p Highlight|civière 20110928: 378L-172%-2434p Highlight|bisaiguë 20110929: 476L-171%-2430p Highlight|herse, 20110929: 477L-171%-2430p Highlight|donjon 20110929: 480L-171%-2430p Highlight|arquebusier 20110929: 651L-171%-2423p Highlight|simarre 20110929: 705L-171%-2421p Highlight|l'implacable 20110929: 970L-170%-2412p Highlight|hyménée, 20110930: 1202L-169%-2403p Highlight|placets 20111003: 2291L-167%-2362p Highlight|besace 20111003: 2615L-166%-2350p Highlight|ascalins 20111005: 3777L-163%-2307p Highlight|ambubaiarum 20111005: 3777L-163%-2307p Highlight|ambubaiarum collegia, 20111005: 3801L-163%-2306p Highlight|syndics des villes, 20111005: 4083L-162%-2296p Highlight|Biord le Juste 20111005: 4103L-162%-2295p Highlight|rocher courbé d'Oëlmoe. 20111005: 4104L-162%-2295p Highlight|Cou-de-Vautour, 20111005: 4111L-162%-2295p Highlight|Ordener, 20111005: 4111L-162%-2295p Highlight|Spiagudry, 20111005: 4130L-162%-2294p Highlight|halliers. 20111005: 4164L-162%-2293p Highlight|poterne de Malaër, 20111005: 4165L-162%-2293p Highlight|Schoenning 20111005: 4171L-162%-2292p Highlight|poterne, 20111005: 4171L-162%-2292p Highlight|fort de Vermund. 20111005: 4177L-162%-2292p Highlight|Munckholm, 20111005: 4183L-162%-2292p Highlight|professeur Schoenning 20111005: 4195L-162%-2291p Highlight| sur la face où Schoenning avait découvert les caractères runiques 20111005: 4208L-162%-2291p Highlight| --Écoutez, vieillard, vous pourrez vous fixer au bord de ce lac, et vous livrer à votre aise à vos importantes études, quand vous aurez reçu les mille écus royaux que vous rapportera la tête de Han.   20111005: 4217L-162%-2291p Highlight| le brigand porte à sa ceinture un crâne dans lequel il a coutume de boire. 20111005: 4217L-162%-2291p Highlight|crâne de son fils, 20111005: 4217L-162%-2291p Highlight| crâne de son fils, dont le cadavre est celui pour la profanation duquel je suis poursuivi. 20111005: 4221L-161%-2290p Highlight| --C'est de ce crâne, dit Spiagudry en se penchant à l'oreille du jeune homme, qu'il faut tâcher de vous emparer. 20111005: 4248L-161%-2289p Highlight| lumière que Baldan, sire de Merneugh, prit le rideau blanc de son lit pour l'ombre de sa mère; 20111005: 4256L-161%-2289p Highlight|faîte des ruines, 20111005: 4264L-161%-2289p Highlight| forteresse à créneaux d'un sire chrétien; 20111005: 4280L-161%-2288p Highlight| chiens de mer, [Footnote: Les chiens de mer sont redoutés des pêcheurs, parce qu'ils effraient les poissons.] 20111005: 4318L-161%-2287p Highlight| Norvège qu'un seul homme dont les yeux rayonnent ainsi dans les ténèbres? 20111005: 4373L-161%-2285p Highlight| --Qu'est-ce donc qui résonne ainsi dans ce havre-sac? 20111005: 4385L-161%-2284p Highlight| Vous verrez le fanal de Munckholm entre les deux Escabelles de Frigge, au midi. 20111005: 4420L-161%-2283p Highlight| --Cette cassette t'aura sauvé, ajouta-t-il avec un affreux sourire ironique. Spiagudry! est-ce ici le chemin de Thoctree? 20111005: 4441L-161%-2282p Highlight|toit du Spladgest 20111005: 4443L-161%-2282p Highlight|tour de Vygla; 20111006: 4597L-161%-2276p Highlight|jarl 20111006: 4597L-161%-2276p Highlight| jarl ou d'un hersa? [Footnote: Les anciens seigneurs en Norvège, avant que Griffenfeld fondât une noblesse régulière, portaient les titres de hersa (baron), ou jarl (comte). C'est de ce dernier mot qu'est formé le mot anglais earl (comte).] 20111006: 4820L-160%-2268p Highlight|d'âcreté 20111007: 5099L-159%-2258p Highlight|l'insurrection. 20111009: 5592L-158%-2239p Highlight|farfadet 20111009: 5605L-158%-2239p Highlight|nasse. 20111009: 5799L-157%-2232p Highlight|de lierre et de lichen; 20111011: 6598L-155%-2202p Highlight|sanhédrin. 20111012: 6750L-155%-2196p Highlight|poterne 20111012: 6968L-154%-2188p Highlight|gerfauts! 20111012: 7271L-154%-2177p Highlight|d'osier 20111012: 7271L-154%-2177p Highlight|chapeau d'osier 20111013: 7843L-152%-2156p Highlight|simarre de satin 20111203: 18675L-124%-1752p Highlight|badigeonné 20111203: 18699L-124%-1752p Highlight|phtisique? 20111205: 19447L-122%-1724p Highlight|basoche 20111205: 19679L-121%-1715p Highlight|chaussetier, 20111205: 19681L-121%-1715p Highlight|hobereaux de Paris, 20111206: 19952L-120%-1705p Highlight|bicoquet. 20111206: 20011L-120%-1703p Highlight|l'ogive, 20111206: 20210L-120%-1695p Highlight|basoche, 20111206: 20213L-120%-1695p Highlight|Quasimodo le Bossu. 20111206: 20216L-120%-1695p Highlight|argotiers, 20111206: 20217L-120%-1695p Highlight|rebec 20111207: 20316L-119%-1691p Highlight|oblat 20111207: 20358L-119%-1690p Highlight|ribaude!» 20111207: 20361L-119%-1690p Highlight|l'espadon 20111208: 21297L-117%-1655p Highlight| puînée des grandes maçonneries de l'Orient, 20111211: 22342L-114%-1616p Highlight|grand Esculape, 20111212: 22813L-113%-1598p Highlight|fieffés, 20111212: 22877L-113%-1596p Highlight| dommages et intérêts, gehenne, prison et geôle et ceps avec dépens, 20111212: 22896L-112%-1595p Highlight|sinuosités de l'interrogatoire, 20111213: 23211L-112%-1584p Highlight|ménétrier. 20111213: 23211L-112%-1584p Highlight|doreloterie 20111213: 23213L-112%-1583p Highlight|bûches ni fagots, 20111214: 23885L-110%-1558p Highlight|fadaise, 20111215: 24468L-108%-1537p Highlight|bedeau, 20111215: 24472L-108%-1537p Highlight|logette aux sorcelleries!» 20111215: 24495L-108%-1536p Highlight|soleil cabalistique 20111215: 24513L-108%-1535p Highlight|matras de charbon. 20111215: 24554L-108%-1534p Highlight| ce qu'en dit Manou: «Où les femmes sont honorées, les divinités sont réjouies; où elles sont méprisées, il est inutile de prier Dieu.--La bouche d'une femme est constamment pure; c'est une eau courante, c'est un rayon de soleil.--Le nom d'une femme doit être agréable, doux, imaginaire; finir par des voyelles longues, et ressembler à des mots de bénédiction.»--... Oui, le sage a raison; en effet, la Maria, la Sophia, la Esmeral...--Damnation! toujours cette pensée!» 20111215: 24694L-108%-1528p Highlight|veuves haudriettes 20111215: 24708L-108%-1528p Highlight|décrétales de Gratien? 20111215: 24722L-108%-1527p Highlight| retourna vers Claude avec la vive prestesse d'un hoche-queue. 20111215: 24725L-108%-1527p Highlight|--_Qui non laborat non manducet._ 20111215: 24732L-108%-1527p Highlight| anapeste d'Eschyles qui exprime parfaitement la douleur.» 20111216: 24932L-107%-1519p Highlight|manches-mahoîtres 20111217: 25615L-105%-1494p Highlight|cotrets 20111217: 25641L-105%-1493p Highlight|stryge. 20111218: 26835L-102%-1449p Highlight|l'auvent 20111219: 27652L-100%-1418p Highlight|padelt_, 20111219: 27652L-100%-1418p Highlight| padelt_, ce qui veut dire en turc: _Dieu est notre espérance_. 20111219: 28124L -99%-1401p Highlight|hutins!» 20111219: 28279L -98%-1395p Highlight|guivres 20111219: 28703L -97%-1379p Highlight|muid de plâtre 20111219: 28753L -97%-1377p Highlight|ménétrier, 20111220: 29285L -96%-1357p Highlight| Châteaupers à la rescousse! Prévôté! prévôté! 20111220: 29433L -95%-1352p Highlight|épithalame, 20111220: 29459L -95%-1351p Highlight|connétable de France 20111220: 30587L -92%-1309p Highlight|stryge avérée, ajk,Hugo,Miserables,65749,103840,1418,cla,fra,# (381L=%, 27L=p, 1418 pages) ajk,Hugo,Notre dame de Paris,18659,30627,592,cla,fra,3# Classic French Literature: 14 books by Victor Hugo in the original French, in a single file, improved 12/31/2010 (French Edition) (Victor Hugo) 20110928: 348L-153% -906p Highlight|civière 20110928: 378L-153% -904p Highlight|bisaiguë 20110929: 476L-152% -899p Highlight|herse, 20110929: 477L-152% -899p Highlight|donjon 20110929: 480L-152% -899p Highlight|arquebusier 20110929: 651L-151% -891p Highlight|simarre 20110929: 705L-150% -888p Highlight|l'implacable 20110929: 970L-148% -875p Highlight|hyménée, 20110930: 1202L-146% -864p Highlight|placets 20111003: 2291L-137% -810p Highlight|besace 20111003: 2615L-134% -794p Highlight|ascalins 20111005: 3777L-124% -736p Highlight|ambubaiarum 20111005: 3777L-124% -736p Highlight|ambubaiarum collegia, 20111005: 3801L-124% -735p Highlight|syndics des villes, 20111005: 4083L-122% -721p Highlight|Biord le Juste 20111005: 4103L-122% -720p Highlight|rocher courbé d'Oëlmoe. 20111005: 4104L-122% -720p Highlight|Cou-de-Vautour, 20111005: 4111L-122% -720p Highlight|Ordener, 20111005: 4111L-122% -720p Highlight|Spiagudry, 20111005: 4130L-121% -719p Highlight|halliers. 20111005: 4164L-121% -717p Highlight|poterne de Malaër, 20111005: 4165L-121% -717p Highlight|Schoenning 20111005: 4171L-121% -717p Highlight|poterne, 20111005: 4171L-121% -717p Highlight|fort de Vermund. 20111005: 4177L-121% -716p Highlight|Munckholm, 20111005: 4183L-121% -716p Highlight|professeur Schoenning 20111005: 4195L-121% -715p Highlight| sur la face où Schoenning avait découvert les caractères runiques 20111005: 4208L-121% -715p Highlight| --Écoutez, vieillard, vous pourrez vous fixer au bord de ce lac, et vous livrer à votre aise à vos importantes études, quand vous aurez reçu les mille écus royaux que vous rapportera la tête de Han.   20111005: 4217L-121% -714p Highlight| le brigand porte à sa ceinture un crâne dans lequel il a coutume de boire. 20111005: 4217L-121% -714p Highlight|crâne de son fils, 20111005: 4217L-121% -714p Highlight| crâne de son fils, dont le cadavre est celui pour la profanation duquel je suis poursuivi. 20111005: 4221L-121% -714p Highlight| --C'est de ce crâne, dit Spiagudry en se penchant à l'oreille du jeune homme, qu'il faut tâcher de vous emparer. 20111005: 4248L-120% -713p Highlight| lumière que Baldan, sire de Merneugh, prit le rideau blanc de son lit pour l'ombre de sa mère; 20111005: 4256L-120% -712p Highlight|faîte des ruines, 20111005: 4264L-120% -712p Highlight| forteresse à créneaux d'un sire chrétien; 20111005: 4280L-120% -711p Highlight| chiens de mer, [Footnote: Les chiens de mer sont redoutés des pêcheurs, parce qu'ils effraient les poissons.] 20111005: 4318L-120% -709p Highlight| Norvège qu'un seul homme dont les yeux rayonnent ainsi dans les ténèbres? 20111005: 4373L-119% -707p Highlight| --Qu'est-ce donc qui résonne ainsi dans ce havre-sac? 20111005: 4385L-119% -706p Highlight| Vous verrez le fanal de Munckholm entre les deux Escabelles de Frigge, au midi. 20111005: 4420L-119% -704p Highlight| --Cette cassette t'aura sauvé, ajouta-t-il avec un affreux sourire ironique. Spiagudry! est-ce ici le chemin de Thoctree? 20111005: 4441L-119% -703p Highlight|toit du Spladgest 20111005: 4443L-119% -703p Highlight|tour de Vygla; 20111006: 4597L-118% -696p Highlight|jarl 20111006: 4597L-118% -696p Highlight| jarl ou d'un hersa? [Footnote: Les anciens seigneurs en Norvège, avant que Griffenfeld fondât une noblesse régulière, portaient les titres de hersa (baron), ou jarl (comte). C'est de ce dernier mot qu'est formé le mot anglais earl (comte).] 20111006: 4820L-116% -685p Highlight|d'âcreté 20111007: 5099L-113% -671p Highlight|l'insurrection. 20111009: 5592L-109% -646p Highlight|farfadet 20111009: 5605L-109% -646p Highlight|nasse. 20111009: 5799L-107% -636p Highlight|de lierre et de lichen; 20111011: 6598L-101% -597p Highlight|sanhédrin. 20111012: 6750L -99% -589p Highlight|poterne 20111012: 6968L -98% -578p Highlight|gerfauts! 20111012: 7271L -95% -563p Highlight|d'osier 20111012: 7271L -95% -563p Highlight|chapeau d'osier 20111013: 7843L -90% -535p Highlight|simarre de satin 20111203: 18675L 0% 1p Highlight|badigeonné 20111203: 18699L 0% 2p Highlight|phtisique? 20111205: 19447L 7% 39p Highlight|basoche 20111205: 19679L 8% 50p Highlight|chaussetier, 20111205: 19681L 9% 51p Highlight|hobereaux de Paris, 20111206: 19952L 11% 64p Highlight|bicoquet. 20111206: 20011L 11% 67p Highlight|l'ogive, 20111206: 20210L 13% 77p Highlight|basoche, 20111206: 20213L 13% 77p Highlight|Quasimodo le Bossu. 20111206: 20216L 13% 77p Highlight|argotiers, 20111206: 20217L 13% 77p Highlight|rebec 20111207: 20316L 14% 82p Highlight|oblat 20111207: 20358L 14% 84p Highlight|ribaude!» 20111207: 20361L 14% 84p Highlight|l'espadon 20111208: 21297L 22% 130p Highlight| puînée des grandes maçonneries de l'Orient, 20111211: 22342L 31% 182p Highlight|grand Esculape, 20111212: 22813L 35% 205p Highlight|fieffés, 20111212: 22877L 35% 209p Highlight| dommages et intérêts, gehenne, prison et geôle et ceps avec dépens, 20111212: 22896L 35% 210p Highlight|sinuosités de l'interrogatoire, 20111213: 23211L 38% 225p Highlight|ménétrier. 20111213: 23211L 38% 225p Highlight|doreloterie 20111213: 23213L 38% 225p Highlight|bûches ni fagots, 20111214: 23885L 44% 259p Highlight|fadaise, 20111215: 24468L 48% 287p Highlight|bedeau, 20111215: 24472L 49% 288p Highlight|logette aux sorcelleries!» 20111215: 24495L 49% 289p Highlight|soleil cabalistique 20111215: 24513L 49% 290p Highlight|matras de charbon. 20111215: 24554L 49% 292p Highlight| ce qu'en dit Manou: «Où les femmes sont honorées, les divinités sont réjouies; où elles sont méprisées, il est inutile de prier Dieu.--La bouche d'une femme est constamment pure; c'est une eau courante, c'est un rayon de soleil.--Le nom d'une femme doit être agréable, doux, imaginaire; finir par des voyelles longues, et ressembler à des mots de bénédiction.»--... Oui, le sage a raison; en effet, la Maria, la Sophia, la Esmeral...--Damnation! toujours cette pensée!» 20111215: 24694L 51% 299p Highlight|veuves haudriettes 20111215: 24708L 51% 299p Highlight|décrétales de Gratien? 20111215: 24722L 51% 300p Highlight| retourna vers Claude avec la vive prestesse d'un hoche-queue. 20111215: 24725L 51% 300p Highlight|--_Qui non laborat non manducet._ 20111215: 24732L 51% 300p Highlight| anapeste d'Eschyles qui exprime parfaitement la douleur.» 20111216: 24932L 52% 310p Highlight|manches-mahoîtres 20111217: 25615L 58% 344p Highlight|cotrets 20111217: 25641L 58% 345p Highlight|stryge. 20111218: 26835L 68% 404p Highlight|l'auvent 20111219: 27652L 75% 445p Highlight|padelt_, 20111219: 27652L 75% 445p Highlight| padelt_, ce qui veut dire en turc: _Dieu est notre espérance_. 20111219: 28124L 79% 468p Highlight|hutins!» 20111219: 28279L 80% 476p Highlight|guivres 20111219: 28703L 84% 497p Highlight|muid de plâtre 20111219: 28753L 84% 499p Highlight|ménétrier, 20111220: 29285L 89% 526p Highlight| Châteaupers à la rescousse! Prévôté! prévôté! 20111220: 29433L 90% 533p Highlight|épithalame, 20111220: 29459L 90% 534p Highlight|connétable de France 20111220: 30587L 100% 590p Highlight|stryge avérée, ajk,Hugo,Notre dame de Paris,18659,30627,592,cla,fra,3# (120L=%, 20L=p, 592 pages) ajk,Jehova,Mita Raamattu opettaa,2,225,225,rel,fin,2# bh_FI ajk,Jehova,Mita Raamattu opettaa,2,225,225,rel,fin,2# (2L=%, 1L=p, 225 pages) ajk,Kant,Kritik der praktischen Vernunft,2,2854,248,phi,ger,# Kritik der praktischen Vernunft (German Edition) (Immanuel Kant) ajk,Kant,Kritik der praktischen Vernunft,2,2854,248,phi,ger,# (29L=%, 12L=p, 248 pages) ajk,Knowlton,Fruits of Philosophy,2,1034,0,phi,eng,1# Fruits of Philosophy / A Treatise on the Population Question (Charles Knowlton) ajk,Knowlton,Fruits of Philosophy,2,1034,0,phi,eng,1# (10L=%, 18L=p => 57 pages) ajk,London,Call of the Wild,15043,16690,94,fic,eng,3# Classic American Literature: Works of Jack London, 43 books in a single file with active table of contents, improved 2/4/2011 (Jack London and Richard Seltzer) 20120324: 15401L 21% 20p Highlight|fang. ajk,London,Call of the Wild,15043,16690,94,fic,eng,3# (16L=%, 18L=p, 94 pages) ajk,Marx and Engels,Communist Manifesto,2,485,96,phi,eng,2# The Communist Manifesto (Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels) ajk,Marx and Engels,Communist Manifesto,2,485,96,phi,eng,2# (5L=%, 5L=p, 96 pages) ajk,Meinander,Finlands historia,2,3357,261,his,swe,3# Meinander-htm-210120310 20120311: 93L 3% 7p Highlight|Nevaflo-den 20120311: 108L 3% 8p Highlight|bysmederoch 20120311: 130L 4% 10p Highlight|kring T155, 12.39 respektive 1293. 20120311: 200L 6% 15p Highlight|francis-kanermunkarna 20120311: 203L 6% 16p Highlight|Olavkul-ten 20120311: 204L 6% 16p Highlight|22-1 20120311: 207L 6% 16p Highlight|Briigge 20120311: 210L 6% 16p Highlight|F.uropa 20120311: 232L 7% 18p Highlight| svenska riket inte hade något regelrätt förläningssystem. Man förlänade inte bönder som 24 I tidernas begynnelse objekt, utan rätten att beskatta dem. 20120311: 242L 7% 19p Highlight|(zo-30 x sådden) 20120311: 256L 8% 20p Highlight| Uppkomsten av enhetliga stater med en odelad centralmakt var överallt i Europa en långsam process, som skulle fortgå i olika takt fram till 1600-talet. Det svenska rikets politiska konsolidering till en furstestat och slutligen till ett arvkungadöme skedde i växelverkan och konkurrens med de danska, ryska och polska rikena. 20120311: 259L 8% 20p Highlight|L53o-talen 20120311: 265L 8% 20p Highlight|tron-följdsstridcr 20120311: 275L 8% 21p Highlight| Kalmarunionen var omfångsmässigt ett av Europas största kungariken, men befolkningstätheten var gles och den ekonomiska bärkraften svag. 20120311: 283L 8% 22p Highlight| Norge omvandlades till en dansk provins. För Finlands vidkommande var unionstiden mer gynnsam. 20120311: 307L 9% 24p Highlight| Hösten 1520 tågade den danske unionskungen Kristian II in i Stockholm och lät avrätta 82 svenska adelsmän som hade vågat trotsa hans överhöghet. 20120311: 311L 9% 24p Highlight| När Kristian hade återvänt till Danmark lyckades den 24-årige adelsmannen Gustav Eriksson Vasa sätta igång ett bondeuppror i Dalarna, som snabbt spred sig till andra delar av riket. I augusti 1521 utsågs Gustav Vasa till Sveriges riksföreståndare. 20120311: 312L 9% 24p Highlight| Vasa hade tre trumfkort på hand. För det första var det lätt att uppvigla Dalarnas storbönder mot danskarna, som hade höjt skatterna och satt käppar i hjulen för järnexporten med Hansan. För det andra lierade han sig med Hansans ledning i Lybeck, som just då stod på krigsfot med Danmark. Lybecks militära och ekonomiska flankstöd var av avgörande betydelse, men bidrog förstås samtidigt till att öka dess inflytande på den svenska politiken. För det tredje hade Kristian II genom Stockholms blodbad röjt undan en stor del av Gustav Vasas inhemska konkurrenter inom högadeln. 20120311: 329L 10% 25p Highlight| suveränt furstevälde tog Gustav Vasa vid riksdagen i Västerås 1527, då han drev igenom en total konfiskering av den katolska kyrkans omfattande egendomar, inklusive en stor del av prästerskapets privatförmögenheten 20120311: 334L 10% 26p Highlight|1 början 20120311: 341L 10% 26p Highlight| Vid freden i Hamburg 1536 måste Lybeck avstå från resten av sina skuldfordringar. Därmed var hansestädernas makt över Östersjöhandeln över för gott. 20120311: 351L 10% 27p Highlight| Ytterst drevs denna väldiga strukturomvandling av några få och till synes enkla tekniska innovationer, nämligen krutet, kompassen och boktryckarkonsten. 20120311: 356L 11% 28p Highlight| Den tyske munken Martin Luther började kritisera påvemakten 1517. Redan sju år senare började Sveriges kung Gustav Vasa lösa banden till Rom genom skickliga hänvisningar till Luthers teser om att kyrkan var de troendes samfund och att dess egendom därför tillhörde folket. 20120311: 362L 11% 28p Highlight| En av de första lutheranerna i Finland var Petrus Särkilahti, som hade studerat för Luther 34 Furstestatens födelse i Wittenberg och åren 1524-1529 var rektor för Åbo katedralskola. Särkilahti dog dock ung och det blev istället landsmannen Mikael Agricola (ca 1510-1557) som skulle gå till historien som Finlands reformator. 20120311: 365L 11% 28p Highlight| höll Agricola fast vid latinet som kulturbärande språk och vid många katolska sedvänjor såsom läran om skärselden, fastan och bikten. Sådant var normal försiktighet i 20120311: 374L 11% 29p Highlight| översättning av Nya Testamentet (1548) är en guldgruva också för språkforskare. 20120311: 380L 11% 29p Highlight| finskspråkig ABC-bok, och strax därpå en 900 sidor lång mäss- och handbok för finskspråkiga gudstjänster (Rucouskiria, 1544). 20120311: 389L 11% 30p Highlight| den latinska liturgin stegvis slopades, samtidigt som prästens predikan direkt till församlingen upphöjdes till det centrala elementet i gudstjänsten. 20120311: 392L 11% 30p Highlight| De mest handgripliga följderna av reformationen blev att klosterväsendet slopades, prästerskapet blev kungens tjänare på lokal nivå och kronan konfiskerade det mesta av kyrksilvret. I 20120311: 394L 11% 30p Highlight|Först T593 20120311: 397L 12% 31p Highlight|Administration och ekonomi 20120311: 402L 12% 31p Highlight| 1 västra rikshalvan togs i huvudsak ofrälse till lokala fogdar. 1 20120311: 405L 12% 31p Highlight| Vid riksdagen 1544 infördes ärftligt kungadöme enligt tysk modell. 20120311: 411L 12% 32p Highlight| Kriget medförde att kungen efter en längre vistelse vid östgränsen (1555-1556) skärpte kronans grepp om Finlands adel och befrämjade det finländska stadsväsendet, samtidigt som han omvandlade rikshalvan till ett hertigdöme och utsåg sin näst äldsta son Johan till hertig av Finland. 20120311: 428L 13% 33p Highlight| I detta syfte lät Gustav Vasa 1550 grunda en ny hamnstad vid Finska vikens nordkust, närmare bestämt vid Vanda fors i Helsinge socken. Staden fick följaktligen heta Helsingfors. 20120311: 444L 13% 34p Highlight|(noo-talet). 20120311: 448L 13% 35p Highlight|Sata-kunda 20120311: 451L 13% 35p Highlight|natur-i ti 20120311: 454L 13% 35p Highlight|kam-bygder 20120311: 459L 14% 36p Highlight|Krig och släktfejder 20120311: 476L 14% 37p Highlight|Johan II1 :s 20120311: 480L 14% 37p Highlight|T576 20120311: 484L 14% 37p Highlight|T595, 20120311: 491L 15% 38p Highlight| beslöt Johan 1581 att till sin kungliga titulatur lägga epitetet "storfurste av Finland" och han lät även tillverka en vapensköld för storfurstendömet, som än idag är Finlands officiella vapen. 20120311: 507L 15% 39p Highlight|T598 20120311: 508L 15% 39p Highlight|1 samband 20120311: 509L 15% 39p Highlight|hösten T599 20120311: 509L 15% 39p Highlight|Stål-arm, 20120311: 520L 15% 40p Highlight|Ar 172.1 20120311: 533L 16% 41p Highlight| Och i segeryran fanns det till och med planer på att göra kronprinsen, sedermera Gustav II Adolf, till tsar av Ryssland. 20120311: 543L 16% 42p Highlight|1 slutet 20120311: 556L 16% 43p Highlight|(1700-T7Z1). 20120311: 560L 16% 43p Highlight|i6t8 20120311: 573L 17% 44p Highlight| westfaliska freden 1648. Den var resultatet av den första allmäneuropeiska fredskongressen och lade därmed grunden för en central diplomatisk princip i internationell politik, nämligen betydelsen av en maktbalans mellan kontinentens stormakter. Samtidigt blev fredsslutet den officiella 20120311: 581L 17% 45p Highlight|1632-T644 20120311: 582L 17% 45p Highlight|Ii ull.i< mad 20120311: 584L 17% 45p Highlight|1 de stora 20120311: 585L 17% 45p Highlight|1 det 20120312: 596L 18% 46p Highlight|förlä-ningar. 20120312: 599L 18% 46p Highlight|förmyndarre-gim 20120312: 662L 20% 51p Highlight|tjärtillverk-ningen 20120312: 693L 21% 54p Highlight|iéoo-talet 20120312: 702L 21% 54p Highlight| Samtidigt skärpte kyrkan den så kallade kyrkotukten. 20120312: 702L 21% 54p Highlight| Ett konkret ingrepp var införandet av kyrkbänkar, som underlättade både en hierarkisk placering av församlingen enligt stånd och närvarokontrollen. 20120312: 710L 21% 55p Highlight| Prästen var självskriven ordförande vid sockenstämmorna, där man bland annat beslöt om församlingens byggen och fattigvård. 20120312: 717L 21% 56p Highlight|1548.1 20120312: 722L 21% 56p Highlight|1 ill 20120312: 733L 22% 57p Highlight|1300-talct, 20120312: 741L 22% 57p Highlight|universitet fessorer 20120312: 749L 22% 58p Highlight|F'n 20120312: 750L 22% 58p Highlight|sta-peltvånget 20120312: 756L 23% 59p Highlight|marginalise-rade 20120312: 758L 23% 59p Highlight| frigjorde odlingsjord för det så kallade indelningsverket. 20120312: 770L 23% 60p Highlight| Karl XII utmärkte sig från början som en innovativ och orädd fältherre. I längden var det ändå omöjligt att vinna ett trefrontskrig - det svenska rikets mänskliga resurser var helt enkelt för små och de geografiska avstånden alldeles för stora. Det var inget fel på det svenska självförtroendet i slutet av stormaktstiden. 20120312: 776L 23% 60p Highlight| Åbo-akademikern Daniel Juslenius, som i sin avhandling Aboa vetus et nova (Gamla och nya Åbo, 1700) återgav en redan på 1500-talet fabricerad berättelse om att hans stad hade grundats strax efter syndafloden av Noaks sonson Magog. 20120312: 820L 25% 64p Highlight| Petersburg europeiska stormaktspolitiken. Vill man peka på ett enskilt årtal som avgjort Finlands öde är det därför utan tvekan 1703 då Peter den store lät grunda sin nya huvudstad. 20120312: 866L 26% 67p Highlight| ett 75 hektar stort område på fem öar strax söder om staden. Det blev ändå svenska kronans klart största byggnadsverk på 1700-talet och skulle i detta avseende överträffas först på 1800-talet av Göta kanal. 20120312: 875L 26% 68p Highlight| Skärgårdsflottan hade inspirerats av Peter den store, 20120312: 893L 26% 69p Highlight| talesman framstod den österbottniske kaplanen Anders Chydenius, vars skarpa inlägg och pamfletter stack hål på den merkantilistiska argumentationen. Mest känd blev 20120312: 895L 26% 69p Highlight|Chydenius 20120312: 903L 27% 70p Highlight| markant förskjutning från tjärbränning till sågverksindustri. En anledning var att man tog i bruk en ny typ av finbladig såg, som kunde drivas effektivt Stockholm - Sankt Petersburg av de många vattenfallen i sydöstra Finland. Innovationen kom 20120313: 915L 27% 71p Highlight|1714-17x1, 20120313: 920L 27% 71p Highlight| Viktigast av alla jordbruksreformer var dock storskiftet, som gick igenom vid 1757 års riksdag och som under följande halvsekel förbättrade lant- och skogsbrukets verksamhetsvillkor i Finland och Sverige på ett genomgripande sätt. 20120313: 922L 28% 72p Highlight|1 det 20120313: 929L 28% 72p Highlight|utdik-ningen 20120313: 970L 29% 75p Highlight| Per Kalm, professor i ekonomi och elev till Carl von Linné, gjorde åren 1747-1751 en internationellt uppmärksammad naturvetenskaplig expedition till Nordamerika och grundade efter sin återkomst till Åbo en botanisk trädgård som blev ett viktigt laboratorium för nya nyttoväxter i Finland. 20120313: 982L 29% 76p Highlight| Edward Daniel Clarke, som i januari 1800 träffade Porthan i Åbo och imponerades av hans flytande kunskaper i latin och djupa sakkännedom om sitt fosterland. 20120313: 987L 30% 77p Highlight|folkloretra-dition 20120313: 994L 30% 77p Highlight| Frågan om Finlands framtid inom ramen för den svensk-ryska rivaliteten kunde därför dryftas endast bakom lyckta dörrar och i hemliga ordnar såsom det av Porthan 1771 grundade Aurorasällskapet. 20120313: 1010L 30% 78p Highlight|koin 20120313: 1015L 30% 79p Highlight| I mitten av 1800-talet fanns det redan åtta olika väckelserörelser i Finland. 20120313: 1028L 31% 80p Highlight|t771. 20120313: 1033L 31% 80p Highlight|(iustav 20120313: 1040L 31% 81p Highlight|t779, 20120313: 1041L 31% 81p Highlight|t776 20120313: 1046L 31% 81p Highlight|lörstärka 20120313: 1067L 32% 83p Highlight| Samtidigt blottade kriget allvarliga brister i officerskårens offervilja och det skördade över 20000 soldaters liv, av vilka 90 procent visserligen strök med på grund av sjukdomar och farsoter. 20120313: 1076L 32% 84p Highlight| Gustav IV Adolf hann ingå ett nytt förbund med den allt mäktigare Napoleon Bonaparte innan fronten mot Frankrike enades och Sverige 1805 istället anslöt sig till en allians bestående av Napoleons fiender Ryssland, Storbritannien och Österrike. 20120313: 1108L 33% 86p Highlight|Över 10000 svenska och finska 20120313: 1111L 33% 86p Highlight|t8o8 20120313: 1113L 33% 86p Highlight|t808 20120313: 1136L 34% 88p Highlight| Kejsarens hänvisning till den rådande konstitutionen skulle sedermera tolkas av finska rättslärda som ett statsfördrag och ett officiellt erkännande av Finland som stat, inte minst eftersom kejsarens tal vid lantdagens avslutning innehöll en välvillig formulering om att landets befolkning nu var "upphöjt bland nationernas antal". 20120313: 1140L 34% 89p Highlight| I verkligheten var det fråga om några korta artighetsfraser, som inte kan uppfattas som ett statsfördrag i modern mening. 20120313: 1167L 35% 91p Highlight| Speranski hade redan 1808 fått uppdraget att föredra de finska ärendena för kejsaren förbi Finlands generalguvernör och såg till att denna ordning också stadfästes i reglementet. När Speranskis arbetsbörda blev för stor inrättades 1811 ett särskilt finskt statssekreterarämbete, 20120313: 1170L 35% 91p Highlight| Alexander I:s finske rådgivare Gustav Mauritz Armfelt, tidigare Gustav III:s gunstling, och när Speranski strax därefter hamnade i kejsarens onåd blev Armfelt 1812 ämbetets första innehavare och kunde driva igenom många fördelaktiga särlösningar för Finland. 20120313: 1178L 35% 91p Highlight| Målsättningen var att skola upp en ny ryskspråkig elit i Finland, men försöken i denna riktning var alldeles för valhänta för att lyckas. 20120313: 1186L 35% 92p Highlight| Den första finskspråkiga kartan över Europa från 1821 framhävde att Finland hade förenats politiskt med Ryssland. det Viborgska guvernementet med storfurstendömet Finland. 20120313: 1203L 36% 93p Highlight| Den mest synliga och bestående manifestationen över kejsarens charmoffensiv blev ändå Helsingfors nya stadskärna, som på två decennier och med ryskt stöd omvandlades till något av en miniatyr av det arkitektoniskt lysande S:t Petersburg. 20120313: 1218L 36% 95p Highlight|1 ill 20120313: 1235L 37% 96p Highlight|sam-hällseliten 20120313: 1244L 37% 97p Highlight|i I lelsingfors, 20120313: 1244L 37% 97p Highlight|F.ngel 20120313: 1244L 37% 97p Highlight|Ciardeskasernen 20120313: 1248L 37% 97p Highlight|.iven 20120313: 1255L 37% 97p Highlight|Ka-dettkåren 20120313: 1256L 38% 98p Highlight| Inalles gjorde över 4000 finnar rysk officerskarriär och av dem steg uppemot 300 till generals- eller amiralsrang för att sedan i många fall återvända till höga civila befattningar i Finland. 20120313: 1259L 38% 98p Highlight| skapades här en ytterst viktig professionell länk mellan Finland och Ryssland. 20120313: 1262L 38% 98p Highlight| Finland gestaltades således som en rysk provins med nationella särdrag, men landets separata egna centralförvaltning gav på lång sikt autonomin en konkret innebörd. 20120313: 1267L 38% 98p Highlight|storfurs-tendömet 20120313: 1277L 38% 99p Highlight|i8iz 20120313: 1293L 38% 100p Highlight|inalles rz kanaler, 20120313: 1297L 39% 101p Highlight|i8zo-talet 20120313: 1312L 39% 102p Highlight|r86o 20120313: 1322L 39% 103p Highlight|sig 1 20120313: 1325L 39% 103p Highlight|,iv 20120313: 1327L 39% 103p Highlight|Ar-widsson, 20120313: 1343L 40% 104p Highlight|i8oo-talet 20120313: 1365L 41% 106p Highlight|(L804-1877) 20120313: 1364L 41% 106p Highlight|hösten 182.2, 20120313: 1367L 41% 106p Highlight|ärkebiskop Tengströms dotter Fredrika 20120313: 1379L 41% 107p Highlight|visione-rande 20120313: 1381L 41% 107p Highlight|Suotni. 20120313: 1383L 41% 107p Highlight|(1806-t88i) 20120313: 1388L 41% 108p Highlight|ma tungomål. 20120313: 1417L 42% 110p Highlight|d.kten 20120313: 1417L 42% 110p Highlight|vår( |and med et( 20120313: 1422L 42% 110p Highlight| Syftet var att förhindra studenterna att sjunga Marseljäsen och andra öppet politiskt omstörtande sånger. Den samhälleliga 20120313: 1437L 43% 112p Highlight|185Z 20120313: 1442L 43% 112p Highlight|Krimkriget 1853-1856. Kriget handlade 20120313: 1462L 44% 114p Highlight|Fästningens nu 11 m .11 20120313: 1468L 44% 114p Highlight|Nikolaj 1 20120314: 1472L 44% 114p Highlight|rörlig- heten. 20120314: 1474L 44% 115p Highlight| Åren 1899-1917 pågick en utdragen statsrättslig kamp mellan centralmakten och Finland om landets rättigheter och skyldigheter inom riket. 20120314: 1479L 44% 115p Highlight|Zemstvo-institu-tionen, 20120314: 1487L 44% 116p Highlight|bevillning-ar, 20120314: 1489L 44% 116p Highlight|t863, 20120314: 1501L 45% 117p Highlight|I ilrv <|runden 20120314: 1504L 45% 117p Highlight| Fram till början av 1900-talet hade endast den mest förmögna delen av den finländska landsbygdsbefolkningen (4,5 %) rösträtt i lantdagsvalen. 20120314: 1519L 45% 118p Highlight|separa-tismen 20120314: 1521L 45% 118p Highlight|Arm-felt. 20120314: 1523L 45% 118p Highlight| sedan marken 1877 hade bundits till guldmyntfoten och den franska guldfrancens 20120314: 1524L 45% 118p Highlight| Nationell och global politik Inalles stiftade den finska ståndslantdagen åren 1863-1906 uppåt 400 lagar. De flesta beredde jordmån för medborgarsamhället och den expanderande kapitalismen. 20120314: 1526L 46% 119p Highlight|fennomaner-na 20120314: 1528L 46% 119p Highlight|tvä 20120314: 1533L 46% 119p Highlight|finsk-hetsrörelsen 20120314: 1545L 46% 120p Highlight|förryskningsåt-gärder. 20120314: 1549L 46% 120p Highlight|1 20120314: 1553L 46% 121p Highlight|Schau-man 20120314: 1554L 46% 121p Highlight|Hitf-vudstadsbladet 20120314: 1562L 46% 121p Highlight|fenno-manerna 20120314: 1567L 47% 122p Highlight|i88t 20120314: 1593L 48% 124p Highlight|T867) 20120314: 1597L 48% 124p Highlight|ät 20120314: 1602L 48% 124p Highlight| Åkrarna utnyttjades i allt högre grad för foderväxter och kring sekelskiftet 1900 hade det etablerats ett tätt nätverk av mekaniserade mejerier, som till större del ägdes av böndernas egna andelslag. Skogsbrukets betydelse ökade också radikalt under åren 1870-1914. 20120314: 1606L 48% 125p Highlight|ångdrivna sågar. 20120314: 1607L 48% 125p Highlight|Ängmaskinen 20120314: 1610L 48% 125p Highlight|i860 20120314: 1616L 48% 126p Highlight|i860- 20120314: 1632L 49% 127p Highlight||rm,Ilning 20120314: 1633L 49% 127p Highlight|1 allt 20120314: 1635L 49% 127p Highlight|mcn 20120314: 1635L 49% 127p Highlight|iill.irsmän 20120314: 1635L 49% 127p Highlight|om ilc 20120314: 1640L 49% 127p Highlight|Dä 20120314: 1647L 49% 128p Highlight| Konsumtionen av kaffe tredubblades och sockerkonsumtionen niodubblades mellan i860 och 1913, 20120314: 1648L 49% 128p Highlight|pitllakahvi 20120314: 1649L 49% 128p Highlight| Den sammanlagda effekten av den gryende industrialiseringen åren 1860-1913 var ett nästan tredubblande av landets BNP. 20120314: 1674L 50% 130p Highlight|Ängel 20120314: 1676L 50% 130p Highlight|mi/ 20120314: 1676L 50% 130p Highlight| ii'n.ire ungfinsk politiker och ' 'i ilnlonsbildare. tcrst 20120314: 1685L 50% 131p Highlight|in-s.ig 20120314: 1693L 51% 132p Highlight| första kvinnliga student blev Marie Tchetschulin, dotter till en framgångsrik rysk affärsman i Helsingfors, som efter särskild anhållan fick avlägga studentexamen 1870. 20120314: 1702L 51% 132p Highlight|Kansan-valistusseura, 20120314: 1709L 51% 133p Highlight|ändå .Ut 20120314: 1711L 51% 133p Highlight|.ut 20120314: 1711L 51% 133p Highlight|.ut 20120314: 1712L 51% 133p Highlight|Irammana 20120314: 1713L 51% 133p Highlight|I )ärigenom 20120314: 1713L 51% 133p Highlight|verk-vimhct 20120314: 1721L 51% 134p Highlight|0111 20120314: 1725L 51% 134p Highlight| Aleksis Kivi den finskspråkiga skönlitteraturens pionjär med romanen Sju bröder (1871). 20120314: 1731L 52% 135p Highlight|eman-ciperade 20120314: 1737L 52% 135p Highlight|iSyo-talets 20120314: 1739L 52% 135p Highlight|\ .ir i 20120314: 1745L 52% 136p Highlight|naturdyr-kare, 20120314: 1749L 52% 136p Highlight|i9d' 20120314: 1756L 52% 136p Highlight|E11 20120314: 1765L 52% 137p Highlight|F.ino 20120314: 1769L 52% 137p Highlight|modernis-ten 20120314: 1772L 53% 138p Highlight|si.ulsdclar 20120314: 1783L 53% 139p Highlight|Växande autononni 20120315: 1825L 54% 142p Highlight| socialdemokraterna (SDP) med 80 ledamöter. 20120315: 1822L 54% 142p Highlight|Sommaren T906 20120315: 1823L 54% 142p Highlight| Över en natt hade antalet röstberättigade tiodubblats (126000 -> 1,3 miljoner) - som de första i Europa fick också kvinnorna i Finland rösträtt. 20120315: 1873L 56% 146p Highlight|7. Kämpande självständighet 20120316: 1882L 56% 146p Highlight|iq 20120316: 1885L 56% 146p Highlight|mänga 20120316: 1890L 56% 147p Highlight|.ill 20120316: 1894L 56% 147p Highlight|\.igs 20120316: 1895L 56% 147p Highlight|reformis-ter, 20120316: 1905L 57% 148p Highlight|19)8 20120316: 1909L 57% 148p Highlight|office-1 are. 20120316: 1911L 57% 149p Highlight|Hrest-Litovsk 20120316: 1937L 58% 151p Highlight| Närmare 11000 soldater stupade i kriget (5300 röda, 3400 vita, 600 ryssar, 300 tyskar). Räknar man in alla avrättade och terror- samt sjukdomsoffer steg den totala dödssiffran till omkring 38 500 personer. 20120316: 1941L 58% 151p Highlight|lick 20120316: 1946L 58% 151p Highlight|tys-I 11 nas 20120316: 1955L 58% 152p Highlight| antogs en republikansk regeringsform, som stadfästes av Mannerheim den 17 juli 1919. 20120316: 1964L 59% 153p Highlight|bolsje-vikernas 20120316: 1971L 59% 153p Highlight| skämtteckning från 1919. tre*» »v t Mi'isi 1 IP.'..ni yuirtdc ai: ikt «r Un.:» mJxii an Ha££a vafada vij ilandika ham. man nu go-t» t ■ "Julnät I»! Jan tillbal* dtaan. (Datitpiaaaan 20120316: 1973L 59% 153p Highlight|19Z0 20120316: 1982L 59% 154p Highlight|F.stland. 20120316: 1988L 59% 154p Highlight|mandatpe riod. 20120316: 2000L 59% 155p Highlight|fenno-manska 20120316: 2004L 60% 156p Highlight|I antdagsreformen 20120316: 2006L 60% 156p Highlight|KE SÄJUHLA 20120316: 2014L 60% 157p Highlight|t937 god-k.int 20120316: 2016L 60% 157p Highlight|regering-( ii aktivt 20120316: 2017L 60% 157p Highlight|'.0111 20120316: 2023L 60% 157p Highlight|antikommu-nister. 20120316: 2046L 61% 159p Highlight|kurs-. 1 miring 20120316: 2047L 61% 159p Highlight|\ ul 20120316: 2048L 61% 159p Highlight|I kl.1111 20120316: 2049L 61% 159p Highlight|ni ra I i tetspolitik 20120316: 2049L 61% 159p Highlight|S.11111 20120316: 2051L 61% 159p Highlight|be- II 1.1 mle rann 20120316: 2052L 61% 159p Highlight|I Inli 1 oeh 20120316: 2066L 62% 161p Highlight|ill 20120316: 2069L 62% 161p Highlight|bolsjeviksty-ret, 20120316: 2069L 62% 161p Highlight|Cen-11 20120316: 2074L 62% 161p Highlight|un-tlei 20120316: 2080L 62% 162p Highlight|zo 20120316: 2083L 62% 162p Highlight|r939 20120316: 2098L 62% 163p Highlight|vil-ket 20120316: 2100L 62% 163p Highlight|ute 1 bygderna. 20120316: 2101L 62% 163p Highlight|utlandstrafi-I 20120316: 2101L 62% 163p Highlight|frän 20120316: 2125L 63% 165p Highlight|11a-1 20120316: 2127L 63% 165p Highlight|C,.irantera 20120316: 2128L 63% 165p Highlight|avse-1 iidcn 20120316: 2141L 64% 166p Highlight|Bildhug-garkonstens 20120316: 2148L 64% 167p Highlight|Tu-lenkantajat, 20120316: 2153L 64% 167p Highlight|.1 andra 20120316: 2155L 64% 167p Highlight|na-turnära 20120316: 2162L 64% 168p Highlight|sammanslut ningar 20120316: 2162L 64% 168p Highlight|1800-talct 20120316: 2163L 64% 168p Highlight|finlända re, 20120316: 2164L 64% 168p Highlight|suverä niteten 20120316: 2185L 65% 170p Highlight|Hl Alamein 20120316: 2191L 65% 170p Highlight|rå-varuområde. 20120316: 2193L 65% 170p Highlight|nonaggres-sionspakt 20120316: 2202L 66% 171p Highlight|kommunistagita-tion 20120316: 2204L 66% 171p Highlight|s.ikerhet. 20120316: 2205L 66% 171p Highlight|Erk-I o 20120316: 2206L 66% 171p Highlight|om .111 20120316: 2209L 66% 172p Highlight| Önsketänkandet var djupt rotat och fick ytterligare näring av den ryssfientliga folkopinionen, för vilken även smärre landavträdelser skulle ha framstått som landsförräderi. 20120316: 2238L 67% 174p Highlight|1 denna 20120316: 2255L 67% 175p Highlight|snabbkolonisa-tionslag, 20120316: 2263L 67% 176p Highlight|T940 20120316: 2264L 67% 176p Highlight|T940 20120317: 2285L 68% 178p Highlight|sä 20120317: 2311L 69% 180p Highlight|zo 20120317: 2311L 69% 180p Highlight|194z 20120317: 2312L 69% 180p Highlight|Murmanskba-nan, 20120317: 2332L 69% 181p Highlight|t940 20120317: 2333L 69% 181p Highlight|t944 20120317: 2335L 69% 181p Highlight|1 mars 20120317: 2351L 70% 183p Highlight|.irs 20120317: 2373L 70% 184p Highlight|massar-kebuseringar 20120317: 2378L 71% 185p Highlight|fascistoida. 20120317: 2383L 71% 185p Highlight|kontrollkommissio nen. 20120317: 2385L 71% 185p Highlight|Dt t 20120317: 2387L 71% 186p Highlight|Niirnberg 20120317: 2404L 72% 187p Highlight|väst-lägret 20120317: 2430L 72% 189p Highlight|femärigt 20120317: 2449L 73% 190p Highlight|Hon-kaförbundet 20120317: 2454L 73% 191p Highlight|pä 20120317: 2475L 74% 192p Highlight|Där-1 20120317: 2475L 74% 192p Highlight|bok-lordes 20120317: 2477L 74% 193p Highlight|uirllanrum 20120317: 2515L 75% 195p Highlight|1944-T980 20120317: 2529L 75% 197p Highlight|60-talcn. 20120317: 2539L 75% 197p Highlight| arbetat i Sverige sedan 1945 beräknas uppgå till över 700000 personer. 20120317: 2558L 76% 199p Highlight|dä 20120317: 2567L 77% 200p Highlight| Vändpunkten blev därför 1930-talets ekonomiska kris, som fick beslutsfattarna att inse att ett permanent socialskydd i praktiken kunde ge stadga och stimulans åt kapitalismen, eftersom den dämpade konjunkturväxlingarna och ökade den mindre bemedlade folkmajoritetens köpkraft. Ledande ideolog för tankeströmningen blev i Norden den svenske nationalekonomen Gunnar Myrdal. I samma riktning argumenterade den finske samhällsvetaren Pekka Kuusi, som i sitt tongivande verk 60-luvun sosiaalipolitiikka (1961) framhöll att stora inkomstöverföringar i realiteten påskyndade tillväxten. 20120317: 2578L 77% 200p Highlight| Under de två decennierna närmast efter 1957 skapades ett heltäckande system för inkomstrelaterade tjänstepensioner, som inkluderade även jordbrukare och privatföretagare. 20120317: 2584L 77% 201p Highlight| 1964 infördes en obligatorisk sjukförsäkring för samtliga löntagare. Systemet garanterade värd åt alla och kompletterades 1972 med en folkhälsolag som gjorde kommunerna skyldiga att inrätta egna hälsovårdsstationer, vilket märkbart förbättrade den förebyggande medicinen. 20120317: 2591L 77% 201p Highlight|grundskolans införande 1968. 20120317: 2598L 77% 202p Highlight|i960- 20120317: 2602L 77% 202p Highlight|Uleå-borgs 20120318: 2642L 79% 205p Highlight|samhällsat-mosfären. 20120318: 2683L 80% 209p Highlight|i960- 20120318: 2685L 80% 209p Highlight|zo 20120318: 2693L 80% 209p Highlight|ani-mationer 20120318: 2726L 81% 212p Highlight|irri-tera 20120318: 2726L 81% 212p Highlight|.111 20120318: 2728L 81% 212p Highlight|lon-slog 20120318: 2746L 82% 213p Highlight|F.uropas 20120318: 2768L 82% 215p Highlight|oc'1 20120318: 2781L 83% 216p Highlight|trovärdighet som neutral stat. 20120318: 2785L 83% 217p Highlight|1 partipolitiken. 20120318: 2839L 85% 221p Highlight|re-former 20120318: 2848L 85% 221p Highlight|F.FTA-länder. 20120318: 2891L 86% 225p Highlight|T992 slöt F.G-länderna 20120318: 2892L 86% 225p Highlight|F.G 20120318: 2895L 86% 225p Highlight|F.G-medlemskap 20120318: 2912L 87% 226p Highlight|I.äget 20120318: 2914L 87% 227p Highlight|F.G/EU-kommis-sionen; 20120318: 2915L 87% 227p Highlight|0111 20120318: 2918L 87% 227p Highlight|t99t-1995 20120318: 2933L 87% 228p Highlight|1996-zooo 20120318: 2946L 88% 229p Highlight|t995 20120318: 2947L 88% 229p Highlight|I.andets 20120318: 2952L 88% 229p Highlight|t98o-talet 20120318: 2958L 88% 230p Highlight|clea-ringhandeln 20120318: 3021L 90% 235p Highlight|t991 20120318: 3061L 91% 238p Highlight|lejonerv,vann VM^MBTiihockey vé 20120318: 3093L 92% 240p Highlight|1 sak 20120318: 3095L 92% 241p Highlight|F.U-länderna 20120318: 3142L 93% 244p Highlight|/red-program, ajk,Meinander,Finlands historia,2,3357,261,his,swe,3# (34L=%, 13L=p, 261 pages) ajk,Paine,Common Sense,2,833,72,pol,eng,2# Common Sense ($.99 Patriot Classics - Complete Original Text) (Thomas Paine) 20110911: 561L 67% 48p Highlight| Commerce diminishes the spirit, both of patriotism and military defence. ajk,Paine,Common Sense,2,833,72,pol,eng,2# (8L=%, 12L=p, 72 pages) ajk,Pamuk,Museum of Innocence,2,10293,728,fic,eng,2# The Museum of Innocence (Vintage International) (Orhan Pamuk) 20110819: 3235L 31% 229p Highlight|quandary, 20110828: 4981L 48% 352p Highlight| simple, ineluctable formula: Happiness means being close to the one you love, that’s all. 20110828: 5111L 50% 361p Highlight|gracefully accepting defeat. 20110829: 6507L 63% 460p Highlight|gallivanting 20110829: 6515L 63% 461p Highlight|crooners ajk,Pamuk,Museum of Innocence,2,10293,728,fic,eng,2# (103L=%, 14L=p, 728 pages) ajk,Pompeev,Predprinimatelstvo,2,7488,272,his,rus,3# Pompeev (askokorpela@gmail.com) ajk,Pompeev,Predprinimatelstvo,2,7488,272,his,rus,3# (75L=%, 28L=p, 272 pages) ajk,Pompeev,Zolotoe koltso,2,441,0,tra,rus,3# Zolotoe_koltso-Pompeev-20110903 (askokorpela@gmail.com) ajk,Pompeev,Zolotoe koltso,2,441,0,tra,rus,3# (4L=%, 18L=p => 24 pages) ajk,Saramago,Viagem do elefante,2,2403,258,fic,por,2# Saramago-A_viagem_do_elefante 20111009: 15L 0% 1p Highlight|nefanda ideia 20111009: 18L 1% 2p Highlight|bisbilhava 20111009: 26L 1% 3p Highlight| estaleiros do tejo a transportar tábuas, mas o coitado iria padecer, porque a sua especialidade profissional são os troncos, 20111009: 29L 1% 3p Highlight|estirão, 20111009: 32L 1% 3p Highlight|digladiam as contradições 20111009: 37L 2% 4p Highlight| carta ficou perfeita tanto de letra como de razões, não omitindo sequer a possibilidade teórica, diplomaticamente expressa, de que o presente pudesse não ser do agrado do arquiduque, o qual teria, porém, 20111009: 42L 2% 4p Highlight| para que se apresentasse o estribeiro-mor, fidalgo da sua maior confiança, a quem resumiu a missiva, depois do que lhe ordenou que escolhesse uma escolta digna da sua qualidade, 20111009: 44L 2% 5p Highlight|sibilinas palavras, 20111009: 47L 2% 5p Highlight| para ganhar tempo, opino que deveríeis dormir em cima do vosso cavalo enquanto ele for galopando pelos caminhos de castela. 20111009: 48L 2% 5p Highlight| As ordens de vossa alteza serão cumpridas ponto por ponto, empenho nisso a minha palavra e a 20111009: 49L 2% 5p Highlight| 17 José Saramago minha vida, e foi-se retirando às arrecuas, repetindo as vénias de três em três passos. É o melhor dos estribeiros-mores, disse o rei. O secretário resolveu calar a adulação que consistiria em dizer que o estri-beiro-mor não poderia ser e portar-se doutra maneira, uma vez que havia sido escolhido pessoalmente por sua alteza. Tinha a impressão de ter dito algo semelhante não há muitos dias. Já nessa altura lhe viera 20111009: 55L 2% 6p Highlight|pajens são mais do que suficientes, 20111009: 57L 2% 6p Highlight|merecimentos, 20111009: 74L 3% 8p Highlight| a rainha, ao saber da excursão que se estava preparando, declarou que também queria ir. Foi difícil convencê-la de que não tinha qualquer sentido fazer sair um coche só para ir a 20111009: 82L 3% 9p Highlight|estribeiro-mor, 20111009: 84L 3% 9p Highlight| Salomão não tem nenhuma ideia do que o espera. 20111009: 90L 3% 9p Highlight| Aproximava-se um homem de rasgos indianos, coberto por roupas que quase se haviam convertido em andrajos, 20111009: 98L 4% 10p Highlight|proboscídeo 20111009: 98L 4% 10p Highlight|côvados 20111009: 107L 4% 11p Highlight|esfregação da escova 20111009: 112L 5% 12p Highlight|salpicada de pintas 20111009: 114L 5% 12p Highlight|graças a vixnu. 20111009: 122L 5% 13p Highlight|corujinhos 20111009: 129L 5% 14p Highlight| Respirou fundo quando sentiu terra firme debaixo dos pés 20111009: 142L 6% 15p Highlight| por decisão do rei seu 27 José Saramago marido, ela participa regularmente nas reuniões de estado, onde nunca se comportou como passiva espectadora. 20111009: 153L 6% 16p Highlight| O secretário passeou os olhos pelas extensas e redundantes fórmulas de cortesia que o estilo epistolar do tempo fazia proliferar como cogumelos depois da chuva, procurou mais abaixo e encontrou. 20111009: 155L 6% 16p Highlight| Não traduziu, anunciou apenas, O arquiduque maximiliano de áustria aceita e agradece a oferta do rei de portugal. 20111009: 156L 7% 17p Highlight| massa pilosa formada pela barba e pelo bigode, espreitou um sorriso de satisfação. 20111009: 160L 7% 17p Highlight| I >iz que não tem claro em que altura partirá para viena, talvez aí por meados de outubro, mas não é certo, I i nós estamos nos princípios de agosto, anunciou desnecessariamente a rainha, Também diz o arquiduque, meu senhor, que vossa alteza, querendo, não necessita licar à espera de que se aproxime a data da partida para enviar o solimão a valladolid, 20111009: 175L 7% 19p Highlight| Depois de um minuto de reflexão acrescentou, O senhor estribeiro-mor tomará a responsabilidade de organizar a expedição, dois homens para ajudarem o cornaca no seu trabalho, uns quantos mais para se encarregarem do abastecimento de água e de forragens, um carro de bois para o que for necessário, transportar a dorna, por exemplo, ainda que seja certo que no nosso portugal não vão faltar rios nem ribeiras onde o salomão possa beber e chafurdar, o pior é essa maldita castela, seca e 20111009: 183L 7% 19p Highlight| Bastaria que tivesse percebido que a água e a forragem não lhe caíam do céu, 20111009: 187L 8% 20p Highlight|saias varrendo o chão, 20111010: 116L 5% 12p Highlight|incisivos do paquiderme, 20111015: 236L 10% 25p Highlight|bois, 20111015: 249L 10% 27p Highlight|chafurdices 20111015: 300L 12% 32p Highlight|fardos de forragens 20111015: 301L 12% 32p Highlight|despicienda 20111015: 301L 12% 32p Highlight| excessiva pormenorização a que deliberadamente recorremos, tem um fim útil, 20111015: 303L 12% 32p Highlight| salomão terá de comer pelo menos três ou quatro fardos por dia, 20111015: 309L 13% 33p Highlight| arrastar os fardos de forragens seriam mais que suficientes os auxiliares directos, 20111015: 311L 13% 33p Highlight|cornaca. 20111015: 316L 13% 34p Highlight| manter a disciplina e desenvolver o espírito de coesão sempre necessários a qualquer tarefa colectiva. 20111015: 318L 13% 34p Highlight| satisfeito com a: ordens que acabo de dar, dirija-se ao comandante ele é a suprema autoridade aqui, como representant* do rei. 20111015: 319L 13% 34p Highlight|arrastar contrafeito d< pés. 20111015: 323L 13% 34p Highlight|fard< de forragem, 20111015: 324L 14% 35p Highlight|a água d; dorna, 20111015: 325L 14% 35p Highlight| Ele não beberia, a água, a esta altura d< rio, ainda é salgada, Como sabe, perguntou o auxi liar, 20111015: 327L 14% 35p Highlight|iss< 20111015: 328L 14% 35p Highlight|est< 20111015: 328L 14% 35p Highlight|atrás est< 20111015: 331L 14% 35p Highlight|bocejar, 20111015: 348L 14% 37p Highlight| Assim poderemos fazer uma galopada de vez em quando e esperar lá à frente que vocês cheguem, Sim, meu senhor, é a solução perfei-ta, permitis que me retire, perguntou 20111015: 351L 15% 38p Highlight| viagem que ainda mal começou, se nesse bestunto ainda tens uns restos de ideias aproveitáveis, apreciaria saber se é de tua vontade que fiquemos aqui eternamente, 20111015: 355L 15% 38p Highlight| para que possamos entregá-lo com boa saúde ao arquiduque de áustria, terá de descansar nas horas de calor, 20111015: 361L 15% 39p Highlight| Em todo o caminho não nos cruzámos com ninguém, em minha modesta opinião não é normal, Estás enganado, cru-zámo-nos com bastantes pessoas, tanto de uma direcção como da outra, 20111015: 364L 15% 39p Highlight| Estranha coincidência, até parece que salomão não quer que o vejam, 20111015: 372L 16% 40p Highlight|terem ilado, 20111015: 375L 16% 40p Highlight| a corrida durou, e apesar de alguns heves descansos, andaram mais de dezassete quilómetros. Este foi o número finalmente apontado pelo i omandante do pelotão depois de uma viva troca de 51 José Saramago palavras com o cornaca subhro, 20111015: 381L 16% 41p Highlight| suspeitosamente alvoroçado, uns borborigmos surdos nos intestinos, e, de repente, a dor regressou como uma punhalada. 20111015: 390L 16% 42p Highlight| que pôde com as ervas que cresciam ao redor, muita sorte teve de não haver por ali sempre-noivas, também chamadas sanguinárias, que essas o fariam saltar como se sofresse da dança de são vito, tais seriam os ardores e os picores que lhe atacariam a delicada mucosa inferior. 20111015: 396L 16% 42p Highlight| faltava passar da noite outros homens podiam ter necessidade de dar de corpo e o único sítio 53 José Saramago onde o poderiam fazer com discrição era no meio daquelas árvores, 20111015: 399L 17% 43p Highlight| às vezes têm insónias, despertam angustiadas porque no seu sonho acreditavam que estavam mortas, ou então é um percevejo, dos tantos que se escondem nas bainhas das mantas, que veio sugar o sangue do adormecido. 20111015: 402L 17% 43p Highlight| Uma sentinela veio perguntar ao cornaca o que é que queria dali e subhro respondeu que tinha um recado para dar ao 20111015: 411L 17% 44p Highlight|es-Iratégia 20111015: 415L 17% 44p Highlight| quando se ouviu o fatal grito, Há aqui uma aldeia. Absortos nas nossas lucubrações, não tínhamos dado por que um homem se havia levantado e subido a pendente, mas agora, sim, víamo-lo aparecer entre as árvores, ouvíamo-lo repetir o triunfal anúncio, embora sem pedir alvíssaras, como havíamos imaginado, Há aqui uma aldeia. Era o 55 José Saramago comandante. 20111015: 435L 18% 47p Highlight|t|iiando, 20111015: 436L 18% 47p Highlight|aque-• rr demasiado, 20111015: 437L 18% 47p Highlight| <) comandante chamou o boieiro, explicou-lhe ao <|iu- iam e recomendou-lhe que observasse bem os animais, 20111015: 438L 18% 47p Highlight|upidcz 20111015: 438L 18% 47p Highlight|< i boieiro 20111015: 438L 18% 47p Highlight|a - l' pouco 20111015: 440L 18% 47p Highlight| consequências negativas de uma excessiva especialização profissional, 20111015: 446L 19% 48p Highlight| chamava e onde morava o principal lavrador do lugar. 20111015: 450L 19% 48p Highlight|escorbutos 20111015: 463L 19% 50p Highlight| Vossa senhoria fará o favor de me explicar o que deseja, em tudo que não vá contra a salvação da minha alma e contra os interesses do meu amo que me comprometi a defender, sou o seu homem, 20111015: 466L 19% 50p Highlight| que me confiou o encargo de levar a valladolid, espanha, um elefante para ser entregue ao arquiduque maximiliano de áustria que ali está aposentado, no palácio do imperador carlos quinto, seu sogro. Ao feitor esbugalharam-se--lhe 20111015: 473L 20% 51p Highlight|1'arece 20111015: 479L 20% 51p Highlight|() leitor 20111015: 480L 20% 51p Highlight|ga-i antia, 20111015: 488L 20% 52p Highlight|pronta promoção a coronel, para 20111015: 491L 21% 53p Highlight| O que não esperávamos, francamente, era vir um dia a registar um pensamento tão generoso, tão excelso, tão sublime, como aquele que passou pela mente do comandante com o fulgor de um relâmpago, isto é, que ao escudo de armas 20111015: 494L 21% 53p Highlight|lambém 20111015: 494L 21% 53p Highlight|()s 20111015: 495L 21% 53p Highlight|li o elefante. 20111015: 497L 21% 53p Highlight|ele-lante 20111015: 499L 21% 53p Highlight|Já lemos bois, 20111015: 507L 21% 54p Highlight| impaciência crescia a cada minuto. Tinha sido um erro crasso mandar o sargento à frente. 20111015: 511L 21% 55p Highlight| entusiasmo, dando vozes de alegria, se isto aqui fosse um barco de piratas seria a altura 64 A Viagem do Elefante de dizer, Um rum duplo para todos. 20111015: 516L 21% 55p Highlight| tal elefante, murmurava, não tem menos de quatro côvados de altura, c a tromba, e os dentes, e as patas, que grossas são as patas. 20111015: 518L 21% 55p Highlight| Fazia grandes gestos de adeus. Não é todos os dias que aparece nas nossas vidas um elefante. 20111016: 204L 9% 22p Highlight|alcáçova carneiro, 20111016: 206L 9% 22p Highlight| Branco, meu senhor, subhro significa branco, ainda que não o pareça. 20111016: 219L 9% 23p Highlight|lacraus ou escolopendras, 20111016: 237L 10% 25p Highlight|fardos de forragens. 20111016: 349L 14% 37p Highlight|tenho duas questões a tratar contigo, 20111017: 218L 9% 23p Highlight|pedregal 20111017: 350L 14% 37p Highlight|chicote no lombo, 20111022: 520L 22% 56p Highlight| lado e i mesmo 20111022: 783L 33% 84p Highlight| em princípio, escassíssima imaginação. Em princípio, diga-se, porque ao homem perdido no nevoeiro imaginação foi o que pareceu não lhe ter faltado, haja vista a ligeireza com que tirou do nada, do não acontecido, os voluntários que deveriam ter ido salvá-lo. Felizmente para a sua credibilidade pública, o elefante é outra coisa. 20111022: 793L 33% 85p Highlight| Que foi que o elefante lhe fez para que você lhe esteja tão agradecido, Se não fosse ele, eu teria morrido de frio ou teria sido comido pelos lobos, 20111022: 797L 33% 85p Highlight| O cornaca pensou, Este fulano está doido varrido, variou-se-lhe a cabeça com a febre do nevoeiro, loi o mais certo, tem-se ouvido falar de casos assim. Depois, em voz alta, Para não estarmos aqui a discutir, barrito sim, barrito não, barrito talvez, pergunte 20111022: 803L 33% 86p Highlight| O cornaca abre a boca para falar, mas torna a fechá-la. O maníaco dos barritos começou a perder consistência e volume, a encolher-se, tornou-se meio redondo, transparente como uma bola de sabão, se é que os péssimos sabões que se fabricam neste tempo são capazes de formar aquelas maravilhas cristalinas 20111022: 807L 34% 87p Highlight|"X^ dez páginas. Plof. 94 20111022: 807L 34% 87p Highlight| Casualmente, talvez por efeito de qualquer alteração atmosférica, o comandante achou-se a pensar na mulher e 20111024: 527L 22% 56p Highlight|manchadas 20111024: 527L 22% 56p Highlight|manchadas e pingonas, 20111024: 527L 22% 56p Highlight|fardas coloridas, 20111024: 580L 24% 62p Highlight|Ganeixa é uma palavra, 20111024: 601L 25% 64p Highlight|Histórias da carochinha, 20111024: 634L 26% 68p Highlight|aldraba. 20111028: 828L 34% 89p Highlight|i|ue 20111028: 830L 34% 89p Highlight| tinha razão quando escreveu que não havia nada de novo debaixo da roda do sol. 20111028: 831L 34% 89p Highlight| imaginá-las líricas, bucólicas e pastoris, 20111028: 837L 35% 90p Highlight|enjeitá-lo, 20111028: 842L 35% 90p Highlight| fidelidade absoluta era um dom do espírito tão natural como o comer e o beber o era do corpo. 20111028: 848L 35% 91p Highlight|serranias 20111028: 851L 35% 91p Highlight|escudeiro gandalim 20111028: 856L 36% 92p Highlight|lascas de xisto. 20111028: 865L 36% 93p Highlight| trinta soldados portugueses tivessem estado nas termópilas de um lado ou do outro, por exemplo, o resultado da luta teria sido diferente, 20111028: 879L 36% 94p Highlight|alcáçova carneiro 20111028: 885L 37% 95p Highlight|espingardas. 20111028: 887L 37% 95p Highlight| homem abriu a 102 A Viagem do Elefante mochila, retirou de lá um papel dobrado em quatro, selado com o timbre oficial da secretaria do reino, e entregou-o ao comandante, que se afastou umas dezenas de passos para o ler. 20111028: 890L 37% 95p Highlight|farnel para o caminho, 20111028: 893L 37% 96p Highlight| chegar primeiro, espera, para isso não era preciso que o secretário pêro de alcáçova carneiro livesse escrito a carta. Algo mais haverá. 20111028: 894L 37% 96p Highlight|Os lobos apareceram no dia seguinte. 20111028: 898L 37% 96p Highlight| não tenham bandeira nem charanga para le-vá-los à glória, 20111028: 899L 37% 96p Highlight| Estes lobos nunca tinham visto um elefante. Não é de esti. mhar que algum deles, mais imaginativo, tivesse 105 José Saramago pensado, se os lobos têm um pensamento paralelo aos processos mentais humanos, na sorte grande que seria para a alcateia dispor daquelas toneladas de carne logo à saída da toca, a mesa sempre posta, almoço, jantar e ceia. 20111028: 905L 38% 97p Highlight| E bem possível que a pele de salomão não pudesse resistir por muito tempo à acção concertada de três dentaduras treinadas no duro ofício de comer o que aparece para sobreviver. 20111028: 909L 38% 97p Highlight| Diabo de animal, Há que dizer que os lobos não são, por natureza, inimigos do homem, 20111028: 912L 38% 98p Highlight|petisco de primeira classe, 20111028: 917L 38% 98p Highlight| fadiga era geral. Entretanto, o cornaca já tinha dito ao comandante que o salomão vinha cansado, e não seria tanto por obra da distância percorrida desde lisboa como pelo péssimo estado dos caminhos, 20111028: 919L 38% 99p Highlight| um dia mais, no máximo dois, avistariam castelo rodrigo, 20111028: 928L 39% 100p Highlight| Acamparam já com o sol-posto e as primeiras avançadas da noite, mais mortos do que vivos, famintos mas sem vontade de comer, tal era a fadiga. 20111028: 929L 39% 100p Highlight|Felizmente, os lobos não voltaram. 20111028: 933L 39% 100p Highlight| Dêmos graças ao céu por termos escapado a essa prova. Dêmos também graças ao céu porque já se avistam as imponentes torres do castelo, 20111028: 934L 39% 100p Highlight| dá vontade de dizer como o outro, Hoje estarás comigo no paraíso, ou, repetindo as palavras mais terrenais do comandante, Hoje dormiremos debaixo de telha, é bem certo que os paraísos não são todos iguais, há-os com huris e sem huris, porém, para sabermos em que paraíso estamos basta que nos deixem espreitar à porta. 20111028: 938L 39% 101p Highlight| estranhado que depois do divertido episódio da patada que salomão aplicou ao padre da aldeia não tenha havido referência a outros encontros com os habitantes destas terras, como se viéssemos atravessando um deserto e não um país europeu civilizado que, ainda por cima, como nem a mocidade das escolas ignora, deu novos mundos ao mundo. 20111028: 941L 39% 101p Highlight| pessoas saíam das suas casas para ver quem vinha e davam com o elefante que a uns os fazia benzerem-se de pasmo e apreensão e a outros, ainda que apreensão também, 20111028: 945L 39% 101p Highlight| O rapaz devia ser galego porque respondeu à pergunta com outra pergunta, Que vêm eles cá fazer, vai haver guerra, Responde, chegaram, ou não chegaram os espanhóis, Não senhor, não chegaram. 20111028: 947L 40% 102p Highlight| Não havia dúvida, a sorte parecia decidida a favorecer as armas de portugal. Ainda demoraram quase uma hora a entrar na vila, uma caravana de homens e animais perdidos de cansaço, 20111028: 948L 40% 102p Highlight| tinham forças para levantar o braço ou acenar com as orelhas em agradecimento aos aplausos com que os vizinhos de castelo rodrigo a recebiam. 20111028: 953L 40% 102p Highlight| O mais provável é que instalem o acampamento fora das muralhas do castelo, o que, além do resto, teria a grande vantagem de reduzir a possibilidade de confrontações, Por que pensa vossa senhoria que poderá haver confrontações, perguntou o comandante, 20111028: 962L 40% 103p Highlight| obrigado pela atenção com que me recebeu, Foi serviço do rei, comandante, só seria serviço meu se aceitasse ser hóspede desta casa 111 José Saramago enquanto permanecesse em castelo rodrigo, 20111028: 966L 40% 104p Highlight| Pombos-correios, estranhou, tenho ouvido falar deles, mas, francamente, não acredito que um pombo seja capaz de voar durante tantas horas como dizem, em distâncias enormes, para ir dar, 20111028: 971L 40% 104p Highlight| grande satisfação conversar com vossa mercê, Para mim, senhor alcaide, depois desta viagem, foi como um copo de água fresca, Um copo de água fresca que não lhe ofereci, Fica para a próxima vez, Não 112 A Viagem do Elefante se esqueça do meu convite, 20111028: 975L 41% 105p Highlight| ainda a descansar amanhã, mas regressariam no dia seguinte, Avise o pessoal da intendência para que prepare uma razoável quantidade de alimentos, trinta homens são trinta bocas, trinta línguas e uma quantidade enorme de 20111028: 994L 41% 107p Highlight| Ensarilhadas, as espingardas alinhavam-se ao longo de uma parede. Provera a deus que não venha a ser necessário dar-lhes uso, pensou o oficial, preocupado com a possibilidade de que a entrega de salomão viesse a descambar, por falta de tacto de um lado ou do outro, em casus belli. 20111028: 1002L 41% 107p Highlight| algumas paveias de feno lhe haviam sido reservadas por diligência do sargento. Ao vê-lo, o comandante sentiu um desconforto que só poderia ser atribuído à incómoda consciência de que não se havia interessado pelo estado de saúde de salomão, não o tinha ido ver, como se, com a chegada a castelo 115 José Saramago rodrigo, a sua missão tivesse terminado. 20111028: 1007L 42% 108p Highlight| Que história é essa, perguntou o comandante, A história de uma vaca, As vacas têm história, tornou o comandante a perguntar, sorrindo, Esta, sim, foram doze dias e doze noites nuns montes da galiza, com frio, e chuva, e gelo, e lama, e pedras como navalhas, e mato como unhas, e breves intervalos de descanso, e mais combates e investidas, e uivos, e mugidos, a história de uma vaca que se perdeu nos campos 20111028: 1018L 42% 109p Highlight| Os soldados presentes, embora não muito experimentados em guerras, baste dizer que os mais novos nunca haviam 20111028: 1019L 42% 109p Highlight| cheirado a pólvora nos campos de batalha, assombravam--se 20111028: 1026L 43% 110p Highlight| se dar a entender, ou melhor, é claramente afirmado que a luta entre a vaca e os lobos durou doze dias e doze noites, 20111028: 1029L 43% 110p Highlight| Quero chegar a que a vaca não poderia resistir a um ataque concertado de três ou quatro lobos, já não digo doze dias, mas uma única hora, Então, na história da vaca lutadora é tudo mentira, 20111028: 1031L 43% 111p Highlight| Creio que a vaca realmente se perdeu, que foi atacada por um lobo, que lutou com ele e o obrigou a fugir talvez mal ferido, 20111028: 1042L 43% 112p Highlight| Uma pessoa pode ser abraçada por um elefante, mas não há maneira nenhuma de imaginar o gesto contrário correspondente. 20111028: 1043L 43% 112p Highlight| jamais poderão abarcar uma patorra grossa como um tronco de árvore. 20111028: 1055L 44% 113p Highlight| Estava-se nisto, cada qual com os seus pensamentos, quando salomão apareceu, movendo pesadamente as suas quatro toneladas de carne e ossos e os seus três metros de altura. 20111028: 1057L 44% 113p Highlight| Alguns homens menos afoitos sentiram um aperto na boca do estômago só de imaginarem que alguma coisa poderia correr mal nesta 20111028: 1058L 44% 113p Highlight| Acolitado pelos seus auxiliares, a quem não falta muito para que se lhes acabe o dolce far niente em que têm vivido desde que saíram de lisboa, 20111028: 1066L 44% 114p Highlight| Com o homem ao lado repetiu-se mais ou menos a mímica, mas houve também um caso de rejeição mútua, nem o homem quis estender o braço nem o elefante avançou a tromba, uma espécie de antipatia fulminante, instintiva, que ninguém saberia explicar, uma vez que durante a viagem nada se passara entre os dois que pudesse anunciar semelhante hostilidade. Em compensação, houve momentos de vivíssima emoção, como foi o caso 20111028: 1076L 45% 115p Highlight| No fundo, talvez os homens e os elefantes não cheguem a entender-se nunca. 20111028: 1080L 45% 116p Highlight| Não obstante as incertezas, sempre presentes quando se falam idiomas diferentes, parece justificado admitir que o elefante salomão tenha gostado da cerimónia do adeus. 20111028: 1087L 45% 117p Highlight| Ora, dois homens que tenham de caminhar juntos durante duas ou três horas seguidas, mesmo imaginando que seja grande o desejo de comunicação, acabarão fatalmente, mais cedo ou mais tarde, por cair em contrafeitos silêncios, quem sabe mesmo se odiar-se. Algum desses homens poderia não ser capaz de resistir à tentação de atirar o outro por uma ribanceira abaixo. 20111028: 1093L 45% 117p Highlight| Ouviu-se o trote esfogueado de um cavalo. Era o comandante que vinha para despedir os carregadores e desejar-lhes boa viagem, atenção que não se esperaria de um oficial do exército por reconhecidamente bom que seja o seu fundo moral, mas que não seria vista com bons olhos pelos superiores, acérrimos defensores de um preceito velho como a sé de braga, aquele que determina que terá de haver um lugar para cada coisa a fim de que cada coisa tenha o seu lugar e dele não saia. 20111028: 1097L 46% 118p Highlight|cacifos 20111028: 1100L 46% 118p Highlight| O senhor alcaide manda avisar vossa senhoria de que o pombo já chegou. Afinal, sempre era verdade, os pombos-correios voltam a casa. A morada do alcaide não 20111028: 1103L 46% 118p Highlight| ao primeiro criado que encontrou pediu 125 José Saramago que o conduzisse ao alcaide. 20111028: 1105L 46% 119p Highlight| Saíram para uma ampla varanda coberta onde uma enorme gaiola de cana ocupava boa parte da parede a que estava fixada. Ali está o herói, disse o alcaide. O pombo ainda tinha a mensagem atada à pata, situação que o proprietário 20111028: 1107L 46% 119p Highlight| mensagem logo que o pombo pousa e faço-o porque não quero que comece a dar o trabalho por mal empregado, mas neste caso preferi esperar a sua chegada para lhe dar a si uma satisfação completa, 20111028: 1112L 46% 119p Highlight| Em frases breves, o escul-ca informava que os soldados eram couraceiros, uns quarenta, todos austríacos, como austríaco era também o capitão que os comandava, e não os acompanhava nenhum pessoal civil ou não se dava por ele. 20111028: 1118L 47% 120p Highlight| já começamos a estar curtos de víveres, o meu parecer, senhor alcaide, é que cada um trate de si, enquanto deus trata de todos, Seja como for, não o dispenso da ceia de amanhã, Comigo pode contar, mas ou me engano muito ou está a pensar em convidar também o capitão dos austríacos, Louvo-lhe a perspicácia, E porquê esse convite, se não abuso demasiado da sua confiança ao perguntar, Será um gesto de apaziguamento político, 20111028: 1129L 47% 121p Highlight| Em primeiro lugar, fosse qual fosse o pretexto, não seria permitida a entrada dos austríacos no castelo, mesmo que houvesse que recorrer às armas. Isto seria a guerra, 20111028: 1133L 47% 122p Highlight| cada rosto seja como um livro aberto numa página onde se encontrem escritas estas palavras, 20111028: 1134L 47% 122p Highlight| austríacos serão obrigados a bivacar fora dos muros, o que irá colocá-los, logo de princípio, 128 A Viagem do Elefante numa posição de inferioridade. 20111028: 1140L 47% 122p Highlight| Amanhã, antes das dez, quero duas atalaias na torre mais alta do castelo, não seja o caso de que eles tenham feito correr que chegarão ao meio-dia e venham apanhar-nos a dar água aos cavalos. Com austríacos nunca se sabe, rematou o comandante, sem se deter a pensar que, em matéria de austríacos, estes iriam ser os primeiros e provavelmente os únicos na sua vida. 20111030: 927L 38% 99p Highlight|esticão brusco 20111030: 928L 39% 100p Highlight|esmorecer a chama. 20111030: 935L 39% 100p Highlight|com huris e sem huris, 20111030: 994L 41% 107p Highlight|lajes. 20111030: 1092L 45% 117p Highlight|repre-ensiva 20100801: 1166L 48% 125p Highlight| Com toda esta gente a assistir, as hostilidades são pouco prováveis, 20100801: 1168L 48% 125p Highlight| tomar austríaco como sinónimo de adversário, de inimigo. 20100801: 1171L 49% 126p Highlight| Os soldados portugueses acatam disciplinadamente as ordens do seu rei e das suas autoridades militares e civis. 20100801: 1184L 49% 127p Highlight|figueira de castelo rodrigo, 20100801: 1186L 49% 127p Highlight| Sejam pois bem-vindos a figueira de castelo rodrigo. 20100801: 1189L 50% 128p Highlight| comecemos já com os preparativos da transferência, 20100801: 1192L 50% 128p Highlight| As minhas instruções são diferentes, as que recebi, também de quem mas podia dar, são simples, levar o elefante a valladolid e entregá-lo ao arquiduque de áustria pessoalmente, sem intermediários. 20100801: 1199L 50% 129p Highlight| arquiduque maximiliano, ao declarar aceitar o presente, se tornou ipso facto proprietário do elefante, o que significa que as ideias de sua alteza o arquiduque sobre o assunto terão de prevalecer sobre quaisquer outras, por muito merecedoras de respeito que presumam ser, portanto, insisto, o elefante deve ser-me entregue agora mesmo, 20100801: 1207L 50% 129p Highlight|varrer do campo, 20100801: 1218L 51% 131p Highlight| deixá-los entrar, pelo menos antes que me seja reconhecido o direito a ir a valladolid fazer, pessoalmente, entrega do elefante a sua alteza o arquiduque de áustria. 20100801: 1235L 51% 132p Highlight| não possa confundir churras com merinas, provérbio castelhano que utilizamos precisamente por em castela estarmos e não desconhecermos a capacidade sugestiva de um leve toque de cor local, sendo que as churras, para quem não saiba, 20100801: 1245L 52% 134p Highlight| qualquer guerra entre portugal e áustria seria, não só absurda, como impraticável, 20100801: 1256L 52% 135p Highlight| chegar a valladolid e encontrar outro cor-naca à espera do testemunho para prosseguir a jornada e, chegado a viena, viver à tripa-forra na corte do arquiduque maximiliano. 20100801: 1273L 53% 137p Highlight| pedir ajuda a salomão, fazendo-lhe umas certas sugestões práticas de comportamento, como, por exemplo, manifestar, pelos processos mais expressivos ao alcance de qualquer elefante, incluindo os radicais, o seu descontentamento pela separação forçada do cornaca, se esse viesse a ser o caso. 20100801: 1276L 53% 137p Highlight| os elefantes. Se lhes falam ao ouvido em hindi ou em bengali, sobretudo quando estão a dormir, são tal qual o génio da lâmpada, que, mal saído da garrafa, pergunta, Que manda o meu senhor. 20100801: 1295L 54% 139p Highlight| na guelra, defendem que o seu comandante deveria, custasse o que custasse, ter-se mantido até ao último reduto 20100801: 1328L 55% 142p Highlight| informado oficialmente pelo intendente do arquiduque de que salomão, daqui em diante, passará a chamar-se solimão. Desgostou-o profundamente a mudança do nome, mas, como sói dizer-se, vão-se os anéis e fiquem os dedos. A aparência de solimão, resignemo-nos, não temos outro remédio 20100801: 1337L 55% 143p Highlight| arquiduque queria falar com o cornaca. Acompanhado por um dignitário menor da corte, a subhro pareceu--Ihe que estava sonhando um sonho já sonhado, quando, no imundo cercado de belém, foi conduzido a um homem de barbas compridas que era o rei de portugal, joão terceiro. 20100801: 1345L 56% 144p Highlight| Que dirias tu se eu te fizesse mudar de nome, Vossa alteza haveria de ter uma razão, Tenho-a. Subhro não respondeu, demasiado sabia que não é permitido dirigir perguntas aos reis, esse será o motivo por que sempre foi difícil, e às vezes mesmo impossível, arrancar-lhes uma resposta às dúvidas e às ralações dos seus súbditos. 20100801: 1351L 56% 145p Highlight| Se vossa alteza mo permite, eu preferiria continuar com o meu nome de sempre, Já decidi, e liças avisado de que me enfadarei contigo se voltares a pedir-mo, mete na tua cabeça que o teu nome é fritz e nenhum outro, Sim, meu senhor. 20100801: 1356L 56% 145p Highlight|ironia 20100801: 1356L 56% 145p Highlight| ironia benevolente, irritação ofendida, imagine-se, ler de guardar respeito a um cornaca, a um domador, a um homem que fede a animais selvagens, como se fosse uma primeira figura no reino, 20100801: 1360L 57% 146p Highlight| Então o cornaca disse, Éramos subhro e salomão, agora seremos fritz e 20100801: 1369L 57% 147p Highlight| O comandante foi ao encontro de subhro e, achando-o com cara de caso, perguntou, Aconteceu alguma coisa, Muda-ram-nos os nomes, agora sou fritz, e salomão passou a ser solimão, 20100801: 1388L 58% 149p Highlight| quanto julgo saber, aquelas terras são de frio, neve e gelo, moléstias que nunca tiveste de sofrer em lisboa. Frio, algum, há que reconhecer, senhor, Lisboa é a cidade mais fria do mundo, disse o comandante sorrindo, o que lhe vale é estar onde está. 20100801: 1394L 58% 150p Highlight| conhecê--lo bem, mas tenho-a, sim, de que ele e eu poderíamos ser, mais do que simples amigos, irmãos. Viena está longe, lisboa mais longe ainda, é provável que não nos vejamos nunca mais, e talvez seja melhor assim, que guardemos a recordação destes dias de tal maneira que se possa dizer que também nós, estes modestos soldados portugueses, temos memória de elefante. O capitão 20100801: 1401L 58% 150p Highlight| tocou com o extremo da tromba, essa espécie de lábio palpitante, o ombro do militar. 20100801: 1413L 59% 152p Highlight| facto conhecido de que os elefantes, tal 158 A Viagem do Elefante como, por exemplo, os cavalos, defecam e urinam em movimento, O espectáculo iria ofender inevitavelmente a sensibilidade de suas altezas, 20100801: 1416L 59% 152p Highlight| sempre haveria gente na caravana para limpar o caminho de cada vez que se produzissem tais deposições naturais. O 20100801: 1444L 60% 155p Highlight| Não passaram mais de dois dias e o cortejo já perdeu uma boa parte do seu esplendor. A persistente chuva que caiu na manhã da partida teve uma acção 161 20100801: 1464L 61% 157p Highlight| Que se passa com solimão, que é isso de que tem de descansar durante a primeira parte da tarde, São costumes da índia, meu senhor, Estamos em espanha, não na índia, Se vossa alteza conhecesse os elefantes como eu tenho a pretensão de conhecer, saberia que para um elefante indiano, 20100801: 1468L 61% 158p Highlight| eu tenho uma longa viagem por diante e esse elefante faz-me perder três ou quatro horas por dia, a partir de hoje solimão descansará uma hora, e basta, 20100801: 1469L 61% 158p Highlight| Sinto-me um miserável por não poder estar de acordo com vossa alteza, mas, creia em mim e na minha experiência, não bastará, Veremos. 20100801: 1473L 61% 158p Highlight| é certo que um elefante na selva indiana anda muitos quilómetros desde a manhã até ao anoitecer, mas está na terra que é sua, não num descampado como este, sem uma sombra a que possa acolher-se um gato. 20100801: 1478L 62% 159p Highlight| nunca ninguém havia tratado a solimão como este arquiduque de aústria de repente tão mal estimado. 20100801: 1489L 62% 160p Highlight| Fritz suspeita que está a ser castigado, mas não pode pedir justiça, porque a mesma justiça, ao determinar a mudança de sítio do elefante na caravana, não fazia mais que impedir as moléstias sensoriais por ele causadas ao arquiduque maximiliano e a sua esposa 20100801: 1492L 62% 160p Highlight| Animada pela relegação do elefante à qualidade de mero seguidor, maria pediu ao marido que se livrassem daquela gualdrapa, 20100801: 1496L 62% 161p Highlight| bispo de valladolid, ele lhe encontrará destino, provavelmente, 20100802: 1154L 48% 124p Highlight|zainos e alazões 20111112: 1557L 65% 167p Highlight| Sabemos que o arquiduque se interessou pela saúde e pelo bem-estar do seu elefante solimão e que fritz lhe deu as respostas apropriadas, 20111112: 1585L 66% 170p Highlight|i|iie 20111112: 1613L 67% 173p Highlight| Agora irá desembarcar o elefante solimão. 20111112: 1616L 67% 173p Highlight| pequena multidão desafo-gou-se num grito, o elefante tinha acabado de fazer subir com a ajuda da tromba, para cima de si, um homem levando o seu saco de pertences. Era subhro ou fritz, consoante se preferir, o cuidador, o tratador, o cornaca, aquele que tão humilhado havia sido pelo arquiduque e que agora, à vista do povo de génova reunido no cais, irá desfrutar de um triunfo quase perfeito. 20111112: 1621L 67% 174p Highlight| Quando montava o salomão, a subhro sempre lhe havia parecido que o mundo era pequeno, mas hoje, no cais do porto de génova, alvo dos olhares de centenas de pessoas literalmente embevecidas pelo espectáculo que lhes estava sendo oferecido, 20111112: 1634L 68% 175p Highlight|espa-nha 20111112: 1636L 68% 176p Highlight| prole dos arquiduques, dezasseis filhos, recordamos, que precisamente a pequena ana inaugurou. Ora, como íamos dizendo, foi aparecer o arquiduque e rebentarem os aplausos e os vivas, que ele agradeceu com um gesto condescendente da mão direita enluvada. 20111112: 1643L 68% 176p Highlight|balda-quino 20111112: 1645L 69% 177p Highlight| só há que esperar que a caravana se organize, vinte couraceiros à frente, a abrir a marcha, trinta atrás, a fechá-la, como força de intervenção rápida, 20111112: 1653L 69% 177p Highlight| fossem carochas de novo tipo, de um frio e desconfortável aço, empoleirado este no cachaço do elefante, 20111112: 1655L 69% 178p Highlight| No percurso até à saída de génova, mandou deter a caravana por duas vezes a fim de serem 183 José Saramago adquiridos nos comércios de roupa feita abrigos para os couraceiros e para o cornaca, 20111112: 1659L 69% 178p Highlight|arções os capotes 20111112: 1662L 69% 178p Highlight| solimão que a chuva impiedosamente, lá nas alturas, maltratava. O resultado do temporal desfeito que com tanta rapidez tinha sucedido às primeiras e espaçadas bátegas, foi ter saído pouquíssima gente aos caminhos a festejar o solimão e a saudar sua alteza. 20111112: 1668L 69% 179p Highlight| capotes e aparecer com todo o seu conhecido esplendor, em lugar da ridícula figura que tinham vindo a fazer desde a saída de génova, de casco de guerra na cabeça e um capote de surrobeco às costas. 20111112: 1673L 70% 180p Highlight| refrão clássico que diz que para viver em roma haverá que tornar-se romano, mas, embora não se sentisse nada inclinado a ser austríaco em áustria, 20111112: 1676L 70% 180p Highlight| embrulhado no seu capote, aspirando com delícia o leve cheiro a bedum exalado pelos panos húmidos. 20111112: 1679L 70% 180p Highlight| Era um cornaca feliz, bem longe das estreitezas da vida em portugal, onde, praticamente, o tinham deixado a vegetar durante dois anos no cercado de belém, vendo partir as naus da índia e ouvindo as cantorias dos frades jerónimos. 20111112: 1686L 70% 181p Highlight| pessoas que, pelas circunstâncias da vida, pobreza, desemprego, foram forçadas a emigrar. Frequentemente apáticas e indiferentes na terra onde nasceram, tornam-se, quase de uma hora para a outra, activas e diligentes 20111112: 1691L 70% 181p Highlight| Tinha chovido durante a noite, mas o céu apresentava-se limpo. Oxalá não venha a cobrir-se de nuvens cinzentas, 20111112: 1696L 71% 182p Highlight|shakes-peare 20111112: 1700L 71% 182p Highlight| Um elefante não é bicho para acomodar--se numa gôndola, 20111112: 1706L 71% 183p Highlight| Embora não tivesse usado exactamente estes termos, disse vir a mandado de um superior da equipa eclesiástica do templo para falar com o tratador do elefante. Três metros de altura vêem-se de longe, e o vulto de solimão quase enchia o espaço celeste, 20111112: 1712L 71% 184p Highlight| Assim é, meu filho, respondeu o visitante pondo nestas quatro palavras todas as reservas de unção de que podia dispor, Queira então dizer, padre, Es cristão, foi a pergunta, Fui baptizado, mas pela minha cor e pelas minhas feições, vossa 20111112: 1714L 71% 184p Highlight| que serás indiano, mas isso não é impedimento de que sejas um bom cristão, 20111112: 1724L 72% 185p Highlight| Não sei nada de milagres, na minha terra, lá onde eu nasci, não os há desde que o mundo ficou criado, imagino que toda a criação terá sido um milagre pegado, mas depois acabaram-se, Agora estou a ver que afinal não és cristão, 20111112: 1728L 72% 185p Highlight| perguntar-me como sei eu que o elefante solimão é um deus, e eu responderei que se há, como há, um deus elefante, 20111112: 1737L 72% 186p Highlight|tau-matúrgicos, 20111119: 1769L 74% 190p Highlight|pombos-correios, 20111119: 1790L 74% 192p Highlight|patranhas do vendedor. 20111119: 1809L 75% 194p Highlight| ideia parrana de andar a fazer milagres ajoelhando--se à porta das igrejas, de um milagre deveria esperar--se muito mais, por exemplo, que crescesse uma perna onde outra tivesse sido cortada, 20111119: 1815L 76% 195p Highlight| arquiduque disse a si mesmo que já levava idade suficiente para não chorar o leite derramado, que os úberes pletóricos da igreja católica ali estavam, como de costume, à espera de mãos habilidosas que os ordenhassem, e os factos, até agora, haviam mostrado que as arquiducais 199 José Saramago mãos não eram de todo desprovidas desse mungidor talento diplomático, sob 20111119: 1819L 76% 195p Highlight| história do falso milagre do elefante passava as marcas do tolerável, Os da basílica, pensou, perderam a cabeça, tendo um santo como aquele, homem para fazer dos cacos de um cântaro 20111119: 1824L 76% 196p Highlight| a experiência havia mostrado que não se podia contar com solimão para provas de velocidade, É mais um corredor de fundo, rematou, para logo prosseguir, Abusando da 20111119: 1825L 76% 196p Highlight| vender pêlos do elefante para mezinhas curativas que não vão curar ninguém, 20111119: 1827L 76% 196p Highlight| As ordens de vossa alteza serão imediatamente cumpridas, 20111119: 1829L 76% 196p Highlight| fama do milagre de solimão nos persiga durante toda a viagem, 20111119: 1835L 76% 197p Highlight| nunca teria passado pela cabeça de fritz a ideia de explorar o sistema piloso do causante do aparente prodígio para enriquecer-se. 20111119: 1836L 76% 197p Highlight| obrigação de lem-brar-se, para reconhecimento dos seus pecados maiores e menores, 20111119: 1838L 76% 197p Highlight| é mais fácil ver a trave no olho do vizinho que o pêlo 20111119: 1842L 77% 198p Highlight| chuva, quem sabe se em violento granizo, seguramente em neve, e os caminhos se cobrirem de resvaladiço gelo. 20111119: 1851L 77% 199p Highlight| meteorologistas da caravana, que, por vocação, eram quase todos os que nela iam, foram unânimes, Isto é neve, diziam, 20111119: 1857L 77% 199p Highlight| Estavam confirmados os seus piores temores, a notícia do milagre havia chegado até aqui e as autoridades religiosas do burgo, que já bastante se aproveitavam, material e 20111119: 1868L 78% 201p Highlight| Respirou aliviado o arquiduque, afinal o feito do elefante não merecera em trento qualquer especial consideração, salvo talvez a de vir a acabar reduzido a cinzas, 20111119: 1869L 78% 201p Highlight|cinzas, 20111119: 1879L 78% 202p Highlight| esta espécie de inverno nem sequer por imaginação se concebe. Claro que na velha índia, lá para o norte, não hão-de faltar montanhas e neve em cima delas, mas subhro, agora fritz, nunca gozou de meios para viajar por seu próprio prazer e ver mundo. 20111119: 1883L 78% 202p Highlight| Em pouco tempo, os farrapos de algodão tinham-se convertido em grandes e pesados flocos que, empurrados pelo vento, vinham fustigar como bofetadas a cara do cornaca. 20111119: 1884L 78% 202p Highlight| Escarranchado na nuca de solimão, embrulhado no capote, fritz não sentia demasiado o frio, mas aqueles golpes contínuos, incessantes, inquietavam-no como uma ameaça perigosa. 20111119: 1889L 79% 203p Highlight| Não sabemos o que pensa, mas, pelo menos, de uma coisa podemos ter a certeza nestes alpes, não é um elefante feliz. 20111119: 1902L 79% 204p Highlight| O problema que fritz tem agora para resolver é a falta de um instrumento capaz de soltar o maldito gelo da pele do elefante, uma espátula de lâmina fina e ponta redonda, por exemplo, seria o ideal, mas espátulas dessas não se encontram 20111119: 1904L 79% 204p Highlight| única solução, portanto, será trabalhar à unha, e não o dizemos em sentido figurado. O cornaca já tinha os dedos engadanhados quando percebeu onde estava o nó górdio da questão, nada mais, nada menos que terem feito os grossos e duros pêlos do elefante causa comum com o gelo, custando portanto cada pequeno avanço uma dura batalha, pois se não havia espátula para ajudar a despegar o gelo da pele, 20111119: 1908L 79% 205p Highlight| obrigado por fim a desistir da operação antes que se tornasse ele próprio numa lamentável estátua de neve a que só faltariam um cachimbo na boca e uma cenoura no lugar do nariz. 20111119: 1912L 79% 205p Highlight| Desconcertado pela deslocação do peso familiar do cornaca da nuca para os quartos traseiros, o elefante dava claros sinais de desorientação, como se tivesse perdido a noção do caminho e não soubesse por onde ir. 20111119: 1915L 80% 206p Highlight| Se houvesse por aqui uma árvore com um ramo assaz forte a três metros de altura e razoavelmente paralelo ao solo, o próprio solimão se encarregaria de libertar-se da incómoda e acaso perigosa manta de gelo, 20111119: 1925L 80% 207p Highlight| A neve devorou os vales, fez desaparecer a vegetação, se há por aqui casas habitadas mal se vêem, um pouco de fumo saindo pela chaminé 20111119: 1950L 81% 209p Highlight| Era noite fechada quando a caravana entrou em bolzano. 20111119: 1953L 81% 210p Highlight| restassem forças à companhia para levar o resto da noite a varrer a neve. O que mais trabalho deu foi encontrar abrigo para solimão. 20111119: 1966L 82% 211p Highlight| lendas, tinham também andado, depois de haverem atravessado os pirenéus, o famoso general cartaginês aníbal e o seu exército de homens e elefantes africanos que tantos desgostos viriam 20111119: 1968L 82% 211p Highlight| se tratasse dos elefantes africanos propriamente ditos, de grandes orelhas e assustadora corpulência, mas sim dos chamados elefantes das florestas, não muito maiores que cavalos. 20111119: 1977L 82% 212p Highlight| bibliografia conhecida sobre a matéria, se exceptuarmos a dos desastres da guerra de aníbal nos alpes, 217 José Saramago se haja limitado, nos últimos tempos, a registar, com aborrecida monotonia, as pernas e os braços partidos dos amantes do esqui. 20111119: 1979L 82% 212p Highlight| uma pessoa caía do alto de uma montanha para ir esborrachar-se, mil metros abaixo, no fundo de um vale já coalhado de costelas, tíbias e crânios de outros aventureiros igualmente 20111119: 1985L 83% 213p Highlight| Por mim falo, solimão mal pode pôr uma pata adiante da outra, isto não é clima para ele, ainda me apanha por aí uma pneumonia, 20111119: 2019L 84% 217p Highlight| nos lombos com a mesma porção dele. A diferença está entre viajar num coche 221 José Saramago forrado de peliças e mantas com termostato 20111119: 2023L 84% 217p Highlight| Tivesse aníbal ousado avançar por eles e provavelmente não teríamos tido que esperar pela batalha de zama para assistir, no cinema do bairro, à última e definitiva derrota do exército cartaginês por cipião, o africano, longa metragem de romanos produzida pelo filho mais velho de benito, vittorio mussolini. Desta vez, ao grande aníbal, não lhe valeram os elefantes. 20111119: 2032L 84% 218p Highlight| quase fraternal estima que, por um mágico instante, tinha aproximado o futuro imperador da áustria do humilde condutor de elefantes. Têm razão os cépticos quando afirmam que a história da humanidade é uma interminável sucessão de ocasiões perdidas. 20111119: 2043L 85% 219p Highlight| Com um toque enérgico do bastão que lhe faz as vezes de volante, encaminhou solimão para a borda do barranco e fê-lo descer com firmeza e segurança até onde estava, ainda meio 20111119: 2045L 85% 220p Highlight| içada pela tromba do elefante, se encontrava sentada entre as pernas escarranchadas de fritz, numa proximidade corporal que, noutras circunstâncias, seria motivo de gravíssimo escândalo. 20111119: 2048L 85% 220p Highlight| Chegados ao caminho, o arquiduque recebeu nos braços a mulher e, levantando a cabeça para olhar o cornaca de frente, disse em castelhano, Muy bien, fritz, gracias. 20111119: 2086L 87% 224p Highlight| A vereda estreita que temos na nossa frente é o famoso passo de isarco. De um lado e do outro, praticamente a pino, as paredes do desfiladeiro parecem a ponto de desabar sobre o caminho. O coração de fritz encolheu-se de medo, um frio diferente de tudo o que tinha conhecido até aqui traspassou-lhe os ossos. 20111119: 2130L 89% 229p Highlight| solimão devorava fardo após fardo com enter-necedor entusiasmo. Só faltava que brotassem flores da neve e que 20111119: 2138L 89% 230p Highlight| a bressanone. Se tal caso se der, estamos autorizados a revelar que solimão gozará de um merecido descanso de duas semanas nesta conhecida estância 20111119: 2141L 89% 230p Highlight| explica-se se nos lembrarmos de que a maior parte dos hóspedes que aqui vêm são precisamente austríacos e alemães que gostam de sentir-se como em sua casa. 20111119: 2143L 89% 230p Highlight| não é praia mas é beach, qualquer pescador fisherman, 20111120: 1787L 74% 192p Highlight|habs-burgos. 20111120: 1791L 74% 192p Highlight|cedo 20111126: 2302L 96% 247p Highlight|miildhorf 20111126: 2380L 99% 256p Highlight| E correu a encerrar-se 1 na sua câmara, onde chorou todo o resto do dia. 20111127: 2150L 90% 231p Highlight|tols-toi, 20111127: 2202L 91% 236p Highlight|bressa-none, 20111127: 2223L 93% 239p Highlight|frasquinho 20111128: 2266L 94% 243p Highlight|miildhorf, 20111128: 2288L 95% 246p Highlight|muldhorf ajk,Saramago,Viagem do elefante,2,2403,258,fic,por,2# (24L=%, 9L=p, 258 pages) ajk,Smith,Moral Philosophy,2,6457,407,phi,eng,# The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Kindle Active TOC) (Adam Smith and Uplifting Publications) 20120514: 302L 5% 19p Highlight| Every faculty in one man is the measure by which he judges of the like faculty in another. I judge of your sight by my sight, of your ear by my ear, of your reason by my reason, of your resentment by my resentment, of your love by my love. I neither have, nor can have, any other way of judging about them. 20120514: 416L 6% 26p Highlight| And hence it is, that to feel much for others and little for ourselves, that to restrain our selfish, and to indulge our benevolent affections, constitutes the perfection of human nature; and can alone produce among mankind that harmony of sentiments and passions in which consists their whole grace and propriety. As to love our neighbour as we love ourselves is the great law of Christianity, so it is the great precept of nature to love ourselves only as we love our neighbour, or what comes to the same thing, as our neighbour is capable of loving us. 20120515: 542L 8% 34p Highlight| Approbation, mixed and animated by wonder and surprise, constitutes the sentiment which is properly called admiration, of which, applause is the natural expression, as has already been observed.   20120515: 669L 10% 42p Highlight| When music imitates the modulations of grief or joy, it either actually inspires us with those passions, or at least puts us in the mood which disposes us to conceive them. But when it imitates the notes of anger, it inspires us with fear. 20120518: 923L 14% 58p Highlight| It is because mankind are disposed to sympathize more entirely with our joy than with our sorrow, that we make parade of our riches, and conceal our poverty. 20120520: 1534L 24% 97p Highlight| We may often fulfil all the rules of justice by sitting still and doing nothing. 20120520: 1535L 24% 97p Highlight| As every man doth, so shall it be done to him, and retaliation seems to be the great law which is dictated to us by Nature. 20120520: 1539L 24% 97p Highlight| The violator of the laws of justice ought to be made to feel himself that evil which he has done to another; and since no regard to the sufferings of his brethren is capable of restraining him, he ought to be over-awed by the fear of his own. ajk,Smith,Moral Philosophy,2,6457,407,phi,eng,# (65L=%, 16L=p, 407 pages) ajk,Smith,Wealth of Nations,2,16850,590,eco,eng,3# Wealth of Nations (Optimized for Kindle) (Adam Smith) 20120117: 1121L 7% 39p Highlight| The monopolists, by keeping the market constantly understocked by never fully supplying the effectual demand, sell their commodities much above the natural price, and raise their emoluments, whether they consist in wages or profit, greatly above their natural rate. 20120117: 1148L 7% 40p Highlight| The natural price itself varies with the natural rate of each of its component parts, of wages, profit, and rent; and in every society this rate varies according to their circumstances, according to their riches or poverty, their advancing, stationary, or declining condition. 20120118: 1516L 9% 53p Highlight| Messance, receiver of the taillies in the election of St Etienne, endeavours to shew that the poor do more work in cheap than in dear years, by comparing the quantity and value of the goods made upon those different occasions in three different manufactures; 20120118: 1535L 9% 54p Highlight| The produce of their labour, therefore, frequently makes no figure in those public registers, of which the records are sometimes published with so much parade, and from which our merchants and manufacturers would often vainly pretend to announce the prosperity or declension of the greatest empires. 20120118: 1558L 9% 54p Highlight| The increase in the wages of labour necessarily increases the price of many commodities, by increasing that part of it which resolves itself into wages, and so far tends to diminish their consumption, 20120118: 1560L 9% 55p Highlight| The same cause, however, which raises the wages of labour, the increase of stock, tends to increase its productive powers, and to make a smaller quantity of labour produce a greater quantity of work. 20120120: 2106L 13% 74p Highlight| landlord acting the part of a monopolist, 20120121: 2253L 13% 79p Highlight| Half-a-dozen wool-combers, perhaps, are necessary to keep a thousand spinners and weavers at work. 20120121: 2374L 14% 83p Highlight| Before the invention of the art of printing, a scholar and a beggar seem to have been terms very nearly synonymous. The different governors of the universities, before that time, appear to have often granted licences to their scholars to beg. 20120121: 2504L 15% 88p Highlight| The very unequal price of labour which we frequently find in England, in places at no great distance from one another, is probably owing to the obstruction which the law of settlements gives to a poor man who would carry his industry from one parish to another without a certificate. 20120121: 2514L 15% 88p Highlight| To remove a man who has committed no misdemeanour, from the parish where he chooses to reside, is an evident violation of natural liberty and justice. 20120121: 2519L 15% 88p Highlight| There is scarce a poor man in England, of forty years of age, I will venture to say, who has not, in some part of his life, felt himself most cruelly oppressed by this ill-contrived law of settlements. 20120121: 2525L 15% 88p Highlight| if all persons in the same kind of work were to receive equal wages, there would be no emulation, and no room left for industry or ingenuity." 20120124: 2971L 18% 104p Highlight| if coals can conveniently be had for fuel, it may sometimes be cheaper to bring barren timber for building from less cultivated foreign countries than to raise it at home. In the new town of Edinburgh, built within these few years, there is not, perhaps, a single stick of Scotch timber. 20120124: 3001L 18% 105p Highlight| The price, therefore, of the coarse, and still more that of the precious metals, at the most fertile mines in the world, must necessarily more or less affect their price at every other in it. 20120124: 3061L 18% 107p Highlight| The demand for those metals arises partly from their utility, and partly from their beauty. 20120124: 3068L 18% 107p Highlight| the merit of an object, which is in any degree either useful or beautiful, is greatly enhanced by its scarcity, 20120124: 3070L 18% 107p Highlight| These qualities of utility, beauty, and scarcity, are the original foundation of the high price of those metals, 20120124: 3091L 18% 108p Highlight| A service of plate, and the other frivolous ornaments of dress and furniture, could be purchased for a smaller quantity of commodities; and in this would consist the sole advantage which the world could derive from that abundance. 20120124: 3107L 18% 109p Highlight| They gave them to their new guests at the first request, without seeming to think that they had made them any very valuable present. They were astonished to observe the rage of the Spaniards to obtain 20120126: 3244L 19% 114p Highlight|fiars 20120130: 3937L 23% 138p Highlight| Though all the cattle of the European colonies in America were originally carried from Europe, they soon multiplied so much there, and became of so little value, that even horses were allowed to run wild in the woods, without any owner thinking it worth while to claim them. 20120130: 3942L 23% 138p Highlight| Mr Kalm, the Swedish traveller, when he gives an account of the husbandry of some of the English colonies in North America, as he found it in 1749, observes, accordingly, that he can with difficulty discover there the character of the English nation, so well skilled in all the different branches of agriculture. 20120130: 3948L 23% 138p Highlight|{Kalm's Travels, vol 1, pp. 343, 344.} 20120130: 4036L 24% 141p Highlight| Gain is the end of all improvement; and nothing could deserve that name, of which loss was to be the necessary consequence. 20120130: 4069L 24% 142p Highlight| it happens almost constantly in Chili, at Buenos Ayres, and in many other parts of Spanish America, where the horned cattle are almost constantly killed merely for the sake of the hide and the tallow. 20120130: 4154L 25% 145p Highlight| The wool of Scotland fell very considerably in its price in consequence of the union with England, by which it was excluded from the great market of Europe, and confined to the narrow one of Great Britain. 20120131: 4272L 25% 150p Highlight| As to the high price of corn during these last ten or twelve years, it can be sufficiently accounted for from the badness of the seasons, without supposing any degradation in the value of silver. 20120131: 4331L 26% 152p Highlight| It has, however, been sufficient to astonish the workmen of every other part of Europe, who in many cases acknowledge that they can produce no work of equal goodness for double or even for triple the price. 20120131: 4342L 26% 152p Highlight| present times with what it was in a much remoter period, towards the end of the fifteenth century, when the labour was probably much less subdivided, and the machinery employed much more imperfect, than it is at present. 20120131: 4371L 26% 153p Highlight| In the time of Edward IV. the art of knitting stockings was probably not known in any part of Europe. Their hose were made of common cloth, which may have been one of the causes of their dearness. 20120131: 4372L 26% 153p Highlight| The first person that wore stockings in England is said to have been Queen Elizabeth. She received them as a present from the Spanish ambassador. 20120131: 4394L 26% 154p Highlight| This duty, indeed, would not probably be very great. It was not then the policy of Europe to restrain, by high duties, the importation of foreign manufactures, but rather to encourage it, 20120201: 4938L 29% 173p Highlight| But when the division of labour has once been thoroughly introduced, the produce of a man's own labour can supply but a very small part of his occasional wants. The far greater part of them are supplied by the produce of other men's labour, which he purchases with the produce, or, what is the same thing, with the price of the produce, of his own. 20120201: 4941L 29% 173p Highlight| But this purchase cannot be made till such time as the produce of his own labour has not only been completed, but sold. 20120201: 5729L 34% 201p Highlight| The Bank of England is the greatest bank of circulation in Europe. It was incorporated, in pursuance of an act of parliament, by a charter under the great seal, dated the 27th of July 1694. 20120201: 5779L 34% 202p Highlight| The gold and silver money which circulates in any country may very properly be compared to a highway, which, while it circulates and carries to market all the grass and corn of the country, produces itself not a single pile of either. 20120202: 6069L 36% 212p Highlight| Whatever a person saves from his revenue he adds to his capital, and either employs it himself in maintaining an additional number of productive hands, or enables some other person to do so, by lending it to him for an interest, that is, for a share of the profits. 20120204: 6297L 37% 220p Highlight| Even among borrowers, therefore, not the people in the world most famous for frugality, the number of the frugal and industrious surpasses considerably that of the prodigal and idle. 20120207: 7532L 45% 264p Highlight| a country that has wherewithal to buy gold and silver, will never be in want of those metals. They are to be bought for a certain price, like all other commodities; and as they are the price of all other commodities, so all other commodities are the price of those metals. 20120207: 7603L 45% 266p Highlight| The one may frequently have done the whole, but the other can never have done more than the one half of his business. It is not for its own sake that men desire money, but for the sake of what they can purchase with it. 20120207: 7616L 45% 267p Highlight| the quantity of coin in every country is regulated by the value of the commodities which are to be circulated by it; 20120207: 7620L 45% 267p Highlight| that to attempt to increase the wealth of any country, either by introducing or by detaining in it an unnecessary quantity of gold and silver, is as absurd as it would be to attempt to increase the good cheer of private families, by obliging them to keep an unnecessary number of kitchen utensils. 20120207: 7624L 45% 267p Highlight| Gold and silver, whether in the shape of coin or of plate, are utensils, it must be remembered, as much as the furniture of the kitchen. 20120207: 7631L 45% 267p Highlight| Fleets and armies are maintained, not with gold and silver, but with consumable goods. 20120207: 7681L 46% 269p Highlight| This bullion, as it circulates among different commercial countries, in the same manner as the national coin circulates in every country, may be considered as the money of the great mercantile republic. 20120207: 7726L 46% 270p Highlight| Every Tartar chief, accordingly, has a treasure. The treasures of Mazepa, chief of the Cossacks in the Ukraine, the famous ally of Charles XII., are said to have been very great. 20120207: 7754L 46% 271p Highlight| So that there may be in Europe at present, not only more than three times, but more than twenty or thirty times the quantity of plate which would have been in it, even in its present state of improvement, had the discovery of the American mines never been made. So far Europe has, no doubt, gained a real conveniency, though surely a very trifling one. 20120207: 7768L 46% 272p Highlight| There were but two nations in America, in any respect, superior to the savages, and these were destroyed almost as soon as discovered. The rest were mere savages. But the empires of China, Indostan, Japan, as well as several others in the East Indies, without having richer mines of gold or silver, were, in every other respect, much richer, better cultivated, and more advanced in all arts and manufactures, than either Mexico or Peru, 20120207: 7801L 46% 273p Highlight| it necessarily became the great object of political economy to diminish as much as possible the importation of foreign goods for home consumption, and to increase as much as possible the exportation of the produce of domestic industry. Its two great engines for enriching the country, therefore, were restraints upon importation, and encouragement to exportation. 20120207: 7803L 46% 273p Highlight| The restraints upon importation were of two kinds. First, restraints upon the importation of such foreign goods for home consumption as could be produced at home, from whatever country they were imported. Secondly, restraints upon the importation of goods of almost all kinds, from those particular countries with which the balance of trade was supposed to be disadvantageous. 20120209: 7958L 47% 279p Highlight| Fat cattle could not be drove so far. Lean cattle, therefore, could only be imported; and such importation could interfere not with the interest of the feeding or fattening countries, to which, by reducing the price of lean cattle it would rather be advantageous, but with that of the breeding countries only. 20120209: 7969L 47% 279p Highlight| The freest importation of foreign cattle could have no other effect than to hinder those breeding countries from taking advantage of the increasing population and improvement of the rest of the kingdom, from raising their price to an exorbitant height, and from laying a real tax upon all the more improved and cultivated parts of the country. The 20120209: 8120L 48% 284p Highlight| Were those high duties and prohibitions taken away all at once, cheaper foreign goods of the same kind might be poured so fast into the home market, as to deprive all at once many thousands of our people of their ordinary employment and means of subsistence. 20120209: 8137L 48% 285p Highlight| Not only no great convulsion, but no sensible disorder, arose from so great a change in the situation of more than 100,000 men, all accustomed to the use of arms, and many of them to rapine and plunder. 20120211: 8323L 49% 291p Highlight| Bank money, over and above both its intrinsic superiority to currency, and the additional value which this demand necessarily gives it, has likewise some other advantages, It is secure from fire, robbery, and other accidents; the city of Amsterdam is bound for it; it can be paid away by a simple transfer, without the trouble of counting, 20120217: 10702L 64% 375p Highlight| All the original sources of revenue, the wages of labour, the rent of land, and the profits of stock, the monopoly renders much less abundant than they otherwise would be. To promote the little interest of one little order of men in one country, it hurts the interest of all other orders of men in that country, and of all the men in all other countries. 20120217: 10714L 64% 375p Highlight| Accumulation is thus prevented in the hands of all those who are naturally the most disposed to accumulate; and the funds destined for the maintenance of productive labour, receive no augmentation from the revenue of those who ought naturally to augment them the most. 20120217: 10717L 64% 375p Highlight| Have the exorbitant profits of the merchants of Cadiz and Lisbon augmented the capital of Spain and Portugal? Have they alleviated the poverty, have they promoted the industry, of those two beggarly countries? 20120217: 10771L 64% 377p Highlight| Under the present system of management, therefore, Great Britain derives nothing but loss from the dominion which she assumes over her colonies. 20120217: 10772L 64% 377p Highlight| To propose that Great Britain should voluntarily give up all authority over her colonies, and leave them to elect their own magistrates, to enact their own laws, and to make peace and war, as they might think proper, would be to propose such a measure as never was, and never will be, adopted by any nation in the world. No nation ever voluntarily gave up the dominion of any province, how troublesome soever it might be to govern it, 20120217: 10797L 64% 378p Highlight| But this monopoly, I have endeavoured to show, though a very grievous tax upon the colonies, and though it may increase the revenue of a particular order of men in Great Britain, diminishes, instead of increasing, that of the great body of the people, and consequently diminishes, instead of increasing, the ability of the great body of the people to pay taxes. 20120218: 10933L 65% 383p Highlight| The discovery of America, and that of a passage to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope, are the two greatest and most important events recorded in the history of mankind. 20120218: 11049L 66% 387p Highlight| Such poor countries as Sweden and Denmark, for example, would probably have never sent a single ship to the East Indies, had not the trade been subjected to an exclusive company. 20120218: 11055L 66% 387p Highlight| Such a rich country as Holland, on the contrary, would probably, in the case of a free trade, send many more ships to the East Indies than it actually does. 20120218: 11226L 67% 393p Highlight| CHAPTER VIII CONCLUSION OF THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM. 20120218: 162L 1% 6p Highlight| BOOK I OF THE CAUSES OF IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRODUCTIVE POWERS OF LABOUR, AND OF THE ORDER ACCORDING TO WHICH ITS PRODUCE IS NATURALLY DISTRIBUTED AMONG THE DIFFERENT RANKS OF THE PEOPLE. 20120218: 167L 1% 6p Highlight|CHAPTER I OF THE DIVISION OF LABOUR 20120218: 311L 2% 11p Highlight| CHAPTER II OF THE PRINCIPLE WHICH GIVES OCCASION TO THE DIVISION OF LABOUR 20120218: 378L 2% 13p Highlight| CHAPTER III THAT THE DIVISION OF LABOUR IS LIMITED BY THE EXTENT OF THE MARKET. 20120218: 456L 3% 16p Highlight| CHAPTER IV OF THE ORIGIN AND USE OF MONEY. 20120218: 571L 3% 20p Highlight| CHAPTER V OF THE REAL AND NOMINAL PRICE OF COMMODITIES, OR OF THEIR PRICE IN LABOUR, AND THEIR PRICE IN MONEY. 20120218: 870L 5% 30p Highlight| CHAPTER VI OF THE COMPONENT PART OF THE PRICE OF COMMODITIES. 20120218: 1000L 6% 35p Highlight| CHAPTER VII OF THE NATURAL AND MARKET PRICE OF COMMODITIES. 20120218: 1167L 7% 41p Highlight| CHAPTER VIII OF THE WAGES OF LABOUR. The produce of labour constitutes the natural recompence or wages of labour. 20120218: 1570L 9% 55p Highlight| CHAPTER IX OF THE PROFITS OF STOCK The rise and fall in the profits of stock depend upon the same causes with the rise and fall in the wages of labour, the increasing or declining state of the wealth of the society; but those causes affect the one and the other very differently. 20120218: 1758L 10% 61p Highlight| CHAPTER X OF WAGES AND PROFIT IN THE DIFFERENT EMPLOYMENTS OF LABOUR AND STOCK 20120218: 1774L 11% 62p Highlight| PART I Inequalities arising from the nature of the employments themselves. 20120218: 2116L 13% 74p Highlight| PART II Inequalities occasioned by the Policy of Europe. 20120218: 2553L 15% 89p Highlight|CHAPTER XI OF THE RENT OF LAND. 20120218: 2600L 15% 91p Highlight| PART I Of the Produce of Land which always affords Rent. 20120218: 2875L 17% 101p Highlight| PART II Of the Produce of Land, which sometimes does, and sometimes does not, afford Rent Human food seems to be the only produce of land, which always and necessarily affords some rent to the landlord. Other sorts of produce sometimes may, and sometimes may not, according to different circumstances. 20120218: 3114L 18% 109p Highlight| PART III Of the variations in the Proportion between the respective Values of that sort of Produce which always affords Rent, and of that which sometimes does, and sometimes does not, afford Rent. 20120218: 4218L 25% 148p Highlight| Conclusion of the Digression concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver. 20120218: 4401L 26% 154p Highlight|Conclusion of the Chapter. 20120218: 4469L 26% 156p Highlight| 20120218: 4693L 28% 164p Highlight| PRICES OF THE QUARTER OF NINE BUSHELS OF THE BEST OR HIGHEST PRICED WHEAT AT WINDSOR MARKET, ON LADY DAY AND MICHAELMAS, FROM 1595 TO 1764 BOTH INCLUSIVE; THE PRICE OF EACH YEAR BEING THE MEDIUM BETWEEN THE HIGHEST PRICES OF THESE TWO MARKET DAYS. 20120218: 4928L 29% 173p Highlight| BOOK II OF THE NATURE, ACCUMULATION, AND EMPLOYMENT OF STOCK. 20120218: 4932L 29% 173p Highlight|INTRODUCTION 20120218: 4972L 29% 174p Highlight|CHAPTER I OF THE DIVISION OF STOCK. 20120218: 5113L 30% 179p Highlight| CHAPTER II OF MONEY, CONSIDERED AS A PARTICULAR BRANCH OF THE GENERAL STOCK OF THE SOCIETY, OR OF THE EXPENSE OF MAINTAINING THE NATIONAL CAPITAL. 20120218: 5939L 35% 208p Highlight| CHAPTER III OF THE ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL, OR OF PRODUCTIVE AND UNPRODUCTIVE LABOUR 20120218: 6282L 37% 220p Highlight|CHAPTER IV OF STOCK LENT AT INTEREST. 20120218: 6430L 38% 225p Highlight| CHAPTER V OF THE DIFFERENT EMPLOYMENTS OF CAPITALS. 20120219: 6714L 40% 235p Highlight| BOOK III OF THE DIFFERENT PROGRESS OF OPULENCE IN DIFFERENT NATIONS 20120219: 6719L 40% 235p Highlight| CHAPTER I OF THE NATURAL PROGRESS OF OPULENCE. 20120219: 6805L 40% 238p Highlight| CHAPTER II OF THE DISCOURAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE ANCIENT STATE OF EUROPE, AFTER THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. 20120219: 7005L 42% 245p Highlight| CHAPTER III OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF CITIES AND TOWNS, AFTER THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. 20120219: 7196L 43% 252p Highlight| CHAPTER IV HOW THE COMMERCE OF TOWNS CONTRIBUTED TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE COUNTRY. 20120219: 7198L 43% 252p Highlight| The increase and riches of commercial and manufacturing towns contributed to the improvement and cultivation of the countries to which they belonged, in three different ways: 20120219: 7420L 44% 260p Highlight|BOOK IV OF SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 20120219: 7431L 44% 260p Highlight| CHAPTER I OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE COMMERCIAL OR MERCANTILE SYSTEM. 20120219: 7828L 46% 274p Highlight| CHAPTER II OF RESTRAINTS UPON IMPORTATION FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES OF SUCH GOODS AS CAN BE PRODUCED AT HOME. 20120219: 8183L 48% 286p Highlight| CHAPTER III OF THE EXTRAORDINARY RESTRAINTS UPON THE IMPORTATION OF GOODS OF ALMOST ALL KINDS, FROM THOSE COUNTRIES WITH WHICH THE BALANCE IS SUPPOSED TO BE DISADVANTAGEOUS. 20120219: 8187L 49% 287p Highlight| Part I Of the Unreasonableness of those Restraints, even upon the Principles of the Commercial System. 20120219: 8483L 50% 297p Highlight| PART II Of the Unreasonableness of those extraordinary Restraints, upon other Principles. 20120219: 8666L 51% 303p Highlight|CHAPTER IV OF DRAWBACKS. 20120219: 8763L 52% 307p Highlight|CHAPTER V OF BOUNTIES. 20120219: 9459L 56% 331p Highlight|CHAPTER VI OF TREATIES OF COMMERCE. 20120219: 9670L 57% 339p Highlight|CHAPTER VII OF COLONIES 20120219: 9672L 57% 339p Highlight| PART I Of the Motives for Establishing New Colonies. 20120219: 9674L 57% 339p Highlight| The interest which occasioned the first settlement of the different European colonies in America and the West Indies, was not altogether so plain and distinct as that which directed the establishment of those of ancient Greece and Rome. 20120219: 9834L 58% 344p Highlight| PART II Causes of the Prosperity of New Colonies. The colony of a civilized nation which takes possession either of a waste country, or of one so thinly inhabited that the natives easily give place to the new settlers, advances more rapidly to wealth and greatness than any other human society. 20120219: 10297L 61% 361p Highlight| PART III Of the Advantages which Europe has derived From the Discovery of America, and from that of a Passage to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope. 20120219: 10299L 61% 361p Highlight| Such are the advantages which the colonies of America have derived from the policy of Europe. 20120219: 11585L 69% 406p Highlight| CHAPTER IX OF THE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, OR OF THOSE SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY WHICH REPRESENT THE PRODUCE OF LAND, AS EITHER THE SOLE OR THE PRINCIPAL SOURCE OF THE REVENUE AND WEALTH OF EVERY COUNTRY. 20120219: 11588L 69% 406p Highlight| The agricultural systems of political economy will not require so long an explanation as that which I have thought it necessary to bestow upon the mercantile or commercial system. 20120219: 12050L 72% 422p Highlight|APPENDIX TO BOOK IV 20120219: 12177L 72% 426p Highlight| BOOK V OF THE REVENUE OF THE SOVEREIGN OR COMMONWEALTH 20120219: 12181L 72% 426p Highlight| CHAPTER I OF THE EXPENSES OF THE SOVEREIGN OR COMMONWEALTH. 20120219: 12184L 72% 427p Highlight|PART I Of the Expense of Defence. 20120219: 12495L 74% 437p Highlight|PART II Of the Expense of Justice 20120219: 12723L 75% 445p Highlight| PART III Of the Expense of public Works and public Institutions. 20120219: 14307L 85% 501p Highlight| PART IV Of the Expense of supporting the Dignity of the Sovereign. 20120219: 14320L 85% 501p Highlight|CONCLUSION 20120219: 14351L 85% 502p Highlight| CHAPTER II OF THE SOURCES OF THE GENERAL OR PUBLIC REVENUE OF THE SOCIETY. 20120219: 14359L 85% 503p Highlight| PART I Of the Funds, or Sources, of Revenue, which may peculiarly belong to the Sovereign or Commonwealth. 20120219: 14361L 85% 503p Highlight| The funds, or sources, of revenue, which may peculiarly belong to the sovereign or commonwealth, must consist, either in stock, or in land. 20120219: 14508L 86% 508p Highlight|PART II Of Taxes. 20120219: 15134L 90% 530p Highlight| APPENDIX TO ARTICLES I. AND II. Taxes upon the Capital Value of Lands, Houses, and Stock. 20120219: 16075L 95% 563p Highlight|CHAPTER III OF PUBLIC DEBTS. 20120219: 162L 1% 6p Highlight| BOOK I OF THE CAUSES OF IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRODUCTIVE POWERS OF LABOUR, AND OF THE ORDER ACCORDING TO WHICH ITS PRODUCE IS NATURALLY DISTRIBUTED AMONG THE DIFFERENT RANKS OF THE PEOPLE. 20120219: 167L 1% 6p Highlight|CHAPTER I OF THE DIVISION OF LABOUR 20120219: 311L 2% 11p Highlight| CHAPTER II OF THE PRINCIPLE WHICH GIVES OCCASION TO THE DIVISION OF LABOUR 20120220: 11257L 67% 394p Highlight| industry of the flax-growers and flaxdressers, three or four spinners at least are necessary in order to keep one weaver in constant employment; 20120220: 11292L 67% 395p Highlight|united kingdom. 20120220: 11310L 67% 396p Highlight| When this last bounty was granted, the British and Irish legislatures were not in much better humour with one another, than the British and American had been before. 20120220: 11329L 67% 397p Highlight| By the 8th of Elizabeth, chap. 3, the exporter of sheep, lambs, or rams, was for the first offence, to forfeit all his goods for ever, to suffer a year's imprisonment, and then to have his left hand cut off in a market town, upon a market day, to be there nailed up; and for the second offence, to be adjudged a felon, and to suffer death accordingly. 20120221: 11390L 68% 399p Highlight| Fine cloth is made altogether of Spanish wool. English wool, cannot be even so mixed with Spanish wool, as to enter into the composition without spoiling and degrading, in some degree, the fabric of the cloth. 20120221: 11403L 68% 399p Highlight| He expects his profit, not so much from the price of the fleece, as from that of the carcase; and the average or ordinary price of the latter must even, in many cases, make up to him whatever deficiency there may be in the average or ordinary price of the former. 20120221: 11553L 69% 405p Highlight| Consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production; and the interest of the producer ought to be attended to, only so far as it may be necessary for promoting that of the consumer. 20120221: 11555L 69% 405p Highlight| The maxim is so perfectly self-evident, that it would be absurd to attempt to prove it. But in the mercantile system, the interest of the consumer is almost constantly sacrificed to that of the producer; and it seems to consider production, and not consumption, as the ultimate end and object of all industry and commerce. 20120221: 11579L 69% 405p Highlight| It cannot be very difficult to determine who have been the contrivers of this whole mercantile system; not the consumers, we may believe, whose interest has been entirely neglected; but the producers, whose interest has been so carefully attended to; and among this latter class, our merchants and manufacturers have been by far the principal architects. 20120223: 11811L 70% 414p Highlight|consmnption, 20120227: 13026L 77% 456p Highlight|cursitor 20120227: 13432L 80% 470p Highlight| The discipline of the college, at the same time, may enable him to force all his pupils to the most regular attendance upon his sham lecture, and to maintain the most decent and respectful behaviour during the whole time of the performance. 20120227: 13471L 80% 472p Highlight| Two different languages were thus established in Europe, in the same manner as in ancient Egypt: a language of the priests, and a language of the people; a sacred and a profane, a learned and an unlearned language. 20120227: 13476L 80% 472p Highlight| Latin translation of the Bible, commonly called the Latin Vulgate, to have been equally dictated by divine inspiration, and therefore of equal authority with the Greek and Hebrew originals. 20120229: 13821L 82% 484p Highlight|tythe 20120229: 14067L 84% 493p Highlight| and gentlemen had frequently no other means of subsistence than by travelling about from monastery to monastery, under pretence of devotion, but in reality to enjoy the hospitality of the clergy. 20120229: 14069L 84% 493p Highlight| There was always much more union among the clergy than among the lay-lords. The former were under a regular discipline and subordination to the papal authority. 20120229: 14089L 84% 493p Highlight| the constitution of the church of Rome may be considered as the most formidable combination that ever was formed against the authority and security of civil government, 20120229: 14110L 84% 494p Highlight| and even that spiritual authority was much weakened, when it ceased to be supported by the charity and hospitality of the clergy. The inferior ranks of people no longer looked upon that order as they had done before; as the comforters of their distress, 20120229: 14148L 84% 495p Highlight| The success of the new doctrines was almost everywhere so great, that the princes, who at that time happened to be on bad terms with the court of Rome, were, by means of them, easily enabled, in their own dominions, to overturn the church, which having lost the respect and veneration of the inferior ranks of people, 20120229: 14152L 84% 496p Highlight| The tyranny of Christiern II., and of Troll archbishop of Upsal, enabled Gustavus Vasa to expel them both from Sweden. The pope favoured the tyrant and the archbishop, and Gustavus Vasa found no difficulty in establishing the reformation in Sweden. 20120229: 14197L 84% 497p Highlight| As long as the people of each parish preserved the right of electing their own pastors, they acted almost always under the influence of the clergy, and generally of the most factious and fanatical of the order. 20120229: 14247L 85% 499p Highlight| father Porée, a jesuit of no great eminence in the republic of letters, was the only professor they had ever had in France, whose works were worth the reading. 20120229: 14281L 85% 500p Highlight| The magistrates of the powerful canton of Berne, in particular, have accumulated, out of the savings from this fund, a very large sum, supposed to amount to several millions; part or which is deposited in a public treasure, and part is placed at interest in what are called the public funds of the different indebted nations of Europe; 20120229: 14301L 85% 501p Highlight| A man of a large revenue, whatever may be his profession, thinks he ought to live like other men of large revenues; and to spend a great part of his time in festivity, in vanity, and in dissipation. 20120302: 14726L 87% 516p Highlight|tythe, 20120302: 14727L 87% 516p Highlight| The tythe, and every other land tax of this kind, 20120302: 14788L 88% 518p Highlight|Taxes upon the Rent of Houses. 20120302: 14925L 89% 523p Highlight| ARTICLE II.—Taxes upon Profit, or upon the Revenue arising from Stock. The 20120302: 14954L 89% 524p Highlight| First, the quantity and value of the land which any man possesses, can never be a secret, and can always be ascertained with great exactness. 20120302: 14960L 89% 524p Highlight| Secondly, land is a subject which cannot be removed; 20120302: 15021L 89% 526p Highlight| Taxes upon the Profit of particular Employments. 20120303: 15202L 90% 532p Highlight| There is no art which one government sooner learns of another, than that of draining money from the pockets of the people. 20120303: 15246L 91% 534p Highlight| ARTICLE III.—Taxes upon the Wages of Labour. 20120303: 15304L 91% 536p Highlight| ARTICLE IV.—Taxes which it is intended should fall indifferently upon every different Species of Revenue. 20120303: 15308L 91% 536p Highlight|Capitation Taxes. 20120303: 15350L 91% 537p Highlight|Taxes upon Consumable Commodities. ajk,Smith,Wealth of Nations,2,16850,590,eco,eng,3# (168L=%, 29L=p, 590 pages) ajk,Twain,Gilded Age,25,10295,512,fic,eng,3# Classic American Literature: The Works of Mark Twain, 24 books in a single file, improved 6/1/2011 (Mark Twain) 20111116: 6535L 63% 325p Highlight|she world take it away. 20111117: 7906L 77% 393p Highlight|digging a bole 20111118: 8041L 78% 400p Highlight|demands fox money. 20111120: 9239L 90% 459p Highlight|supersedeas ajk,Twain,Gilded Age,25,10295,512,fic,eng,3# (103L=%, 20L=p, 512 pages) ajk,Twain,Prince and Pauper,15628,20289,288,fic,eng,2# Classic American Literature: The Works of Mark Twain, 24 books in a single file, improved 6/1/2011 (Mark Twain) 20111116: 6535L-195% -562p Highlight|she world take it away. 20111117: 7906L-166% -477p Highlight|digging a bole 20111118: 8041L-163% -469p Highlight|demands fox money. 20111120: 9239L-137% -395p Highlight|supersedeas ajk,Twain,Prince and Pauper,15628,20289,288,fic,eng,2# (47L=%, 16L=p, 288 pages) ajk,Verne,Archipel en feu,10545,14700,208,cla,fra,3# Classic French Literature in French: 30 books by Jules Verne (French Edition) (Jules Verne) 20111111: 363L-245% -510p Highlight|narwal. 20111111: 517L-241% -502p Highlight|bielles de l'arbre. 20111113: 541L-241% -501p Highlight|question du cétacé, 20111115: 1287L-223% -463p Highlight|organeau 20111116: 2030L-205% -426p Highlight|conchyliologue 20111116: 2080L-204% -424p Highlight|cénobitique. 20111116: 2536L-193% -401p Highlight|conchyliologue, 20111117: 2732L-188% -391p Highlight|vêtements de byssus. 20111117: 3001L-182% -378p Highlight|d'obturateurs, 20111117: 3046L-180% -375p Highlight|échinodermes 20111117: 3123L-179% -372p Highlight|zoophytes, 20111117: 3288L-175% -363p Highlight|animalcules. 20111118: 4586L-143% -298p Highlight|pholadesdattes, 20111121: 5065L-132% -274p Highlight|ostracions 20111124: 6916L -88% -182p Highlight|cénobitique. 20111124: 7014L -85% -177p Highlight|d'épaves 20111125: 7158L -82% -170p Highlight|darté, 20111125: 7174L -81% -169p Highlight|réverbérante 20111125: 7271L -79% -164p Highlight|ignivomes 20111127: 8655L -46% -95p Highlight| « Adieu, soleil ! s'écria-t-il. Disparais, astre radieux ! Couche-toi sous cette mer libre. et laisse une nuit de six mois étendre ses ombres sur mon nouveau domaine ! » 20111201: 10167L -9% -19p Highlight|narwal 20111201: 10531L 0% -1p Highlight|hécatombe 20120106: 10601L 1% 3p Highlight|caloyers 20120106: 10602L 1% 3p Highlight|quémandeurs 20120106: 10660L 3% 6p Highlight|caboteurs 20120106: 10662L 3% 6p Highlight|caloyers 20120106: 10669L 3% 6p Highlight|simandre, 20120106: 10679L 3% 7p Highlight|chébec! 20120106: 10681L 3% 7p Highlight|pinque! 20120106: 10682L 3% 7p Highlight|étrave! 20120106: 10685L 3% 7p Highlight|polacre 20120106: 10695L 4% 8p Highlight|felouque... 20120106: 10696L 4% 8p Highlight|speronare!» 20120106: 10708L 4% 8p Highlight|sacolève! 20120106: 10715L 4% 9p Highlight| On appelle ainsi un bâtiment levantin de médiocre tonnage, dont la tonture, c'est-à-dire la courbe du pont, s'accentue légèrement en se relevant vers l'arrière. 20120106: 10716L 4% 9p Highlight|trois mâts à pibles des voiles auriques. 20120106: 10751L 5% 10p Highlight|hunier 20120106: 10765L 5% 11p Highlight|l'écueil 20120106: 10819L 7% 14p Highlight|drisses 20120106: 10983L 11% 22p Highlight|hulotte 20120107: 11278L 18% 37p Highlight|d'orge 20120107: 11562L 25% 51p Highlight|sacolève, 20120111: 12935L 58% 120p Highlight|marins dans l'âme, 20120111: 13123L 62% 129p Highlight|drôme 20120112: 13700L 76% 158p Highlight|cadi 20120112: 13709L 76% 158p Highlight|encablure du môle, 20120112: 13773L 78% 162p Highlight|batistan. 20120112: 13795L 78% 163p Highlight|marabouts! 20120112: 14147L 87% 180p Highlight|guipures 20120112: 14401L 93% 193p Highlight|hunes, 20120112: 14674L 100% 207p Highlight|l'artimon, ajk,Verne,Archipel en feu,10545,14700,208,cla,fra,3# (42L=%, 20L=p, 208 pages) ajk,Verne,Vingt mille lieues,2,10536,729,cla,fra,3# Classic French Literature in French: 30 books by Jules Verne (French Edition) (Jules Verne) 20111111: 363L 3% 25p Highlight|narwal. 20111111: 517L 5% 36p Highlight|bielles de l'arbre. 20111113: 541L 5% 37p Highlight|question du cétacé, 20111115: 1287L 12% 89p Highlight|organeau 20111116: 2030L 19% 140p Highlight|conchyliologue 20111116: 2080L 20% 144p Highlight|cénobitique. 20111116: 2536L 24% 175p Highlight|conchyliologue, 20111117: 2732L 26% 189p Highlight|vêtements de byssus. 20111117: 3001L 29% 208p Highlight|d'obturateurs, 20111117: 3046L 29% 211p Highlight|échinodermes 20111117: 3123L 30% 216p Highlight|zoophytes, 20111117: 3288L 31% 227p Highlight|animalcules. 20111118: 4586L 43% 317p Highlight|pholadesdattes, 20111121: 5065L 48% 350p Highlight|ostracions 20111124: 6916L 66% 478p Highlight|cénobitique. 20111124: 7014L 67% 485p Highlight|d'épaves 20111125: 7158L 68% 495p Highlight|darté, 20111125: 7174L 68% 496p Highlight|réverbérante 20111125: 7271L 69% 503p Highlight|ignivomes 20111127: 8655L 82% 599p Highlight| « Adieu, soleil ! s'écria-t-il. Disparais, astre radieux ! Couche-toi sous cette mer libre. et laisse une nuit de six mois étendre ses ombres sur mon nouveau domaine ! » 20111201: 10167L 96% 703p Highlight|narwal 20111201: 10531L 100% 729p Highlight|hécatombe 20120106: 10601L 101% 733p Highlight|caloyers 20120106: 10602L 101% 734p Highlight|quémandeurs 20120106: 10660L 101% 738p Highlight|caboteurs 20120106: 10662L 101% 738p Highlight|caloyers 20120106: 10669L 101% 738p Highlight|simandre, 20120106: 10679L 101% 739p Highlight|chébec! 20120106: 10681L 101% 739p Highlight|pinque! 20120106: 10682L 101% 739p Highlight|étrave! 20120106: 10685L 101% 739p Highlight|polacre 20120106: 10695L 102% 740p Highlight|felouque... 20120106: 10696L 102% 740p Highlight|speronare!» 20120106: 10708L 102% 741p Highlight|sacolève! 20120106: 10715L 102% 741p Highlight| On appelle ainsi un bâtiment levantin de médiocre tonnage, dont la tonture, c'est-à-dire la courbe du pont, s'accentue légèrement en se relevant vers l'arrière. 20120106: 10716L 102% 741p Highlight|trois mâts à pibles des voiles auriques. 20120106: 10751L 102% 744p Highlight|hunier 20120106: 10765L 102% 745p Highlight|l'écueil 20120106: 10819L 103% 749p Highlight|drisses 20120106: 10983L 104% 760p Highlight|hulotte 20120107: 11278L 107% 780p Highlight|d'orge 20120107: 11562L 110% 800p Highlight|sacolève, 20120111: 12935L 123% 895p Highlight|marins dans l'âme, 20120111: 13123L 125% 908p Highlight|drôme 20120112: 13700L 130% 948p Highlight|cadi 20120112: 13709L 130% 949p Highlight|encablure du môle, 20120112: 13773L 131% 953p Highlight|batistan. 20120112: 13795L 131% 955p Highlight|marabouts! 20120112: 14147L 134% 979p Highlight|guipures 20120112: 14401L 137% 996p Highlight|hunes, 20120112: 14674L 139% 1015p Highlight|l'artimon, ajk,Verne,Vingt mille lieues,2,10536,729,cla,fra,3# (105L=%, 14L=p, 729 pages) ajk,Zweig,Drei Meister,2,2811,216,bio,ger,3# Drei Meister / Balzac. Dickens. Dostojewski (Stefan Zweig) 20120218: 1008L 36% 77p Highlight|DAS ANTLITZ 20120218: 1029L 37% 79p Highlight|DIE TRAGÖDIE SEINES LEBENS ajk,Zweig,Drei Meister,2,2811,216,bio,ger,3# (28L=%, 13L=p, 216 pages)